Methods for making high intensity sweeteners

ABSTRACT

Provided herein include methods of making mogroside compounds, e.g., Compound 1, compositions (for example host cells) for making the mogroside compounds, and the mogroside compounds made by the methods disclosed herein, and compositions (for example, cell lysates) and recombinant cells comprising the mogroside compounds (e.g., Compound 1). Also provided herein are novel cucurbitadienol synthases and the use thereof.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/969,616 having a filing date of May 2, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 62/501,018, filed on May 3, 2017 and 62/551,750, filed on Aug. 29, 2017. The content of each of these related applications is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING

The present application is being filed along with a Sequence Listing in electronic format. The Sequence Listing is provided as a file entitled 2018-11-19 Substitute Seq Listing_SNMX.044A.TXT, created Nov. 19, 2018, which is 3.64 MB in size. The information in the electronic format of the Sequence Listing is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND Field

The present disclosure relates to methods, systems and compositions for producing sweet tasting compounds, as well as compositions comprising the sweet tasting compounds.

Background Description

The taste system provides sensory information about the chemical composition of the external world. Taste transduction is one of the most sophisticated forms of chemical-triggered sensation in animals. Signaling of taste is found throughout the animal kingdom, from simple metazoans to the most complex of vertebrates. Mammals are believed to have five basic taste modalities: sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami (the taste of monosodium glutamate, a.k.a. savory taste).

For centuries, various natural and unnatural compositions and/or compounds have been added to ingestible compositions, including foods and beverages, and/or orally administered medicinal compositions to improve their taste. Although it has long been known that there are only a few basic types of “tastes,” the biological and biochemical basis of taste perception was poorly understood, and most taste improving or taste modifying agents have been discovered largely by simple trial and error processes.

With respect to the sweet taste, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are health concerns on the rise globally, but are growing at alarming rates in the United States. Sugar and calories are key components that can be limited to render a positive nutritional effect on health. High-intensity sweeteners can provide the sweetness of sugar, with various taste qualities. Because they are many times sweeter than sugar, much less of the sweetener is required to replace the sugar.

High-intensity sweeteners have a wide range of chemically distinct structures and hence possess varying properties, such as, without limitation, odor, flavor, mouthfeel, and aftertaste. These properties, particularly flavor and aftertaste, are well known to vary over the time of tasting, such that each temporal profile is sweetener-specific.

There has been significant recent progress in identifying useful natural flavoring agents, such as for example sweeteners such as sucrose, fructose, glucose, erythritol, isomalt, lactitol, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, certain known natural terpenoids, flavonoids, or protein sweeteners. See, e.g, Kinghom, et al., “Noncariogenic Intense Natural Sweeteners,” Med. Res. Rev. 18 (5) 347-360 (1998) (discussing discovered natural materials that are much more intensely sweet than common natural sweeteners such as sucrose, fructose, and the like.) Similarly, there has been recent progress in identifying and commercializing new artificial sweeteners, such as aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame-K, cyclamate, sucralose, and the like. See, e.g., Ager, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 37, 1802-1817 (1998). The entire contents of the references identified above are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Sweeteners such as saccharin and 6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide potassium salt (acesulfame potassium) are commonly characterized as having bitter and/or metallic aftertastes. Products prepared with 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid are claimed to display reduced undesirable aftertastes associated with sweeteners, and do so at concentrations below those concentrations at which their own tastes are perceptible. Also, high intensity sweeteners such as sucralose and aspartame are reported to have sweetness delivery problems, i.e., delayed onset and lingering of sweetness. See S. G. Wiet, et al., J. Food Sci., 58(3):599-602, 666 (1993).

There is a need for new sweetening compounds, sweet taste enhancers, and compositions containing such compounds and enhancers, having improved taste and delivery characteristics. In addition, there is a need for foods containing new sweetening compounds and/or sweet taste enhancers with such desirable characteristics.

SUMMARY

Provided herein include a method of producing Compound 1 having the structure of:

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting mogroside IIIE with a first enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Compound 1 from mogroside IIIE. In some embodiments, contacting mogroside IIIE with the first enzyme comprises contacting mogroside IIIE with a recombinant host cell that comprises a first gene encoding the first enzyme. The first gene can be, for example, heterologous to the recombinant host cell.

In some embodiments, the mogroside IIIE contacts with the first enzyme in a recombinant host cell that comprises a first polynucleotide encoding the first enzyme. The mogroside IIIE can be, for example, provided to the recombinant cell, present in the recombinant host cell, produced by the recombinant host cell, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the method comprises cultivating the recombinant host cell in a culture medium under conditions in which the first enzyme is expressed. The first enzyme can be, for example, one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases), glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a CGTase. In some embodiments, the CGTase comprises an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 148, and 154. In some embodiments, the CGTase comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 148, and 154. In some embodiments, the CGTase consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 148, and 154.

In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a dextransucrase. For example, the dextransucrase can comprise an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 2, 103, 106-110, 156, 159-162, and 896. In some embodiments, the dextransucrase is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 104, 105, 157, 158, and 895.

In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a transglucosidase. For example, the transglucosidase can comprise an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 163-291 and 723. In some embodiments, the transglucosidase comprises an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 163-291 and 723.

In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a beta-glucosidase. For example, the beta-glucosidase can comprise an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to the sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 102, 292, 354-374, and 678-741.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting mogroside IIA with an enzyme capable of catalyzing a production of mogroside IIIE from mogroside IIA. In some embodiments, contacting mogroside IIA with the enzyme comprises contacting the mogroside IIA with the recombinant host cell to produce mogroside IIIE, and wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding the enzyme capable of catalyzing production of mogroside IIIE from mogroside IIA. The mogroside IIA can be, for example, provided to the recombinant host cell, produced by the recombinant host cell, present in the recombinant host cell, or any combination thereof. The enzyme capable of catalyzing the production of mogroside IIIE from mogroside IIA can be, for example, one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

In some embodiments, the second enzyme is a uridine diphosphate-glucosyl transferase (UGT). For example, the UGT can be UGT73C3 (SEQ ID NO: 4), UGT73C6 (SEQ ID NO: 5), UGT 85C2 (SEQ ID NO: 6), UGT73C5 (SEQ ID NO: 7), UGT73E1 (SEQ ID NO: 8), UGT98 (SEQ ID NO: 9 or 407), UGT1576 (SEQ ID NO:15), UGT SK98 (SEQ ID NO:16), UGT430 (SEQ ID NO:17), UGT1697 (SEQ ID NO:18), UGT11789 (SEQ ID NO:19). In some embodiments, the UGT comprises an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4-9, 15-19, 125, 126, 128, 129, 293-307, 407, 409, 411, 413, 439, 441 and 444. In some embodiments, the UGT is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of the sequences set forth in UGT1495 (SEQ ID NO:10), UGT1817 (SEQ ID NO: 11), UGT5914 (SEQ ID NO: 12), UGT8468 (SEQ ID NO:13), UGT10391 (SEQ ID NO:14), SEQ ID NOs: 116-124, 127, 130, 408, 410, 412, 414, 440, 442, 443, and 445.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting mogrol with one or more enzyme capable of catalyzing a production of mogroside IIIE and/or IIE from mogrol. In some embodiments, contact mogrol with the one or more enzymes comprises contacting mogrol with the recombinant host cell to produce mogroside IIIE and/or mogroside IIE, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises one or more genes encoding one or more enzymes capable of catalyzing production of mogroside IIIE and/or mogroside IIE from mogrol. The mogrol can be, for example, provided to the recombinant host cell, produced by the recombinant host cell, present in the recombinant host cell, or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more enzymes capable of catalyzing production of mogroside IIE and/or mogroside IIIE from mogrol comprise a sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of the sequences set forth in or is encoded by a sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of the sequences in SEQ ID NOs: 315, 316, 420, 422, 424, 426, 430, 431, 446, 871, 845-949, and 951-1012. In some embodiments, the one or more enzymes capable of catalyzing production of mogroside IIIE from mogrol comprises one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more enzymes is a uridine diphosphate-glucosyltransferase (UGT). For example, the UGT can be UGT73C3, UGT73C6, 85C2, UGT73C5, UGT73E1, UGT98, UGT1495, UGT1817, UGT5914, UGT8468, UGT10391, UGT1576, UGT SK98, UGT430, UGT1697, or UGT11789, or comprises an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4-9, 15-19, 125, 126, 128, 129, 293-307, 405, 406, 407, 409, 411, 413, 439, 441, and 444.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting a mogroside compound with one or more enzymes capable of catalyzing a production of mogroside IIIE from a mogroside compound to produce mogroside IIIE, wherein the mogroside compound is one or more of mogroside IA1, mogroside IE1, mogroside IIA1, mogroside IIE, mogroside IIA, mogroside IIIA1, mogroside IIIA2, mogroside III, mogroside IV, mogroside IVA, mogroside V, and siamenoside. In some embodiments, contacting the mogroside compound with the one or more enzymes capable of catalyzing the product of mogroside IIIE from the mogroside compound comprises contacting the mogroside compound with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises one or more genes encoding the one or more enzymes capable of catalyzing production of mogroside IIIE from the mogroside compound. The mogroside compound can be, for example, provided to the recombinant host cell, produced by the recombinant host cell, present in the recombinant host cell, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more enzymes capable of catalyzing production of mogroside IIIE from the mogroside compound comprises one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. In some embodiments, the mogroside compound is mogroside IIE.

In some embodiments, the one or more enzymes capable of catalyzing production of Mogroside IIIE from the mogroside compound comprises an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 106-109, 147, 154, 163-303, 405, 411, 354-405, 447-723, 770, 776, and 782. In some embodiments, the mogroside compound is morgroside IIA or mogroside IIE. In some embodiments, contacting with one or more enzymes produces one or more of mogroside IIIA, mogroside IVE and mogroside V.

In some embodiments, the one or more enzymes comprises an amino acid having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 304, 405, 411, 872, 874, 978, 880, 882, 884, 886, 888, 890, 892, 894 and 896. In some embodiments, the one or more enzymes is encoded by a sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 305, 406, 412, 873, 875, 877, 879, 881, 883, 885, 887, 889, 891, 893 and 895.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting mogroside IA1 with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding UGT98 or UGT SK98 enzyme. In some embodiments, the UGT98 or UGT SK98 enzyme comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9, 407, 16 or 306. In some embodiments, the UGT98 is encoded by a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 307. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of mogroside IIA in the cell.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding an epoxide hydrolase. In some embodiments, the 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol is provided to the recombinant host cell, present in the recombinant host cell, produced by the recombinant host cell, and any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting 11-hydroxy cucurbitadienol with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding a cytochrome P450 or an epoxide hydrolase. The 11-hydroxy cucurbitadienol can be provided to, produced by, and/or present in, the recombinant host cell.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting 3,24,25-trihydroxy cucurbitadienol with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding a cytochrome P450. In some embodiments, the 3,24,25-trihydroxy cucurbitadienol is provided to the recombinant host cell, present in the recombinant host cell, produced by the recombinant host cell, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of mogrol in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the cytochrome P450 comprises an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 20, 49, 308, 315, 430, 872, 874, 876, 878, 880, 882, 884, 886, 888, 889, and 892; or the cytochrome P450 is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 31-48, 316, 431, 871, 873, 875, 877, 879, 881, 883, 885, 887, 890, and 891.

In some embodiments, the epoxide hydrolase comprises an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21-30 and 309-314; or the epoxide hydrolase is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID Nos: 114 and 115.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting cucurbitadienol with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding cytochrome P450. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of 11-hydroxy cucurbitadienol. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol is provided to, produced by, and/or present in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the cytochrome P450 is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 31-48, 316, 431, 871, 873, 875, 877, 879, 881, 883, 885, 887, 889, and 892. In some embodiments, the cytochrome P450 comprises an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 20, 31, 49, 308, 315, 430, 872, 874, 876, 878, 880, 882, 884, 886, 888, 890, and 891. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting one or more of 2,3-oxidosqualene, dioxidosqualene and diepoxysqualene with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding a polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting a mogroside intermediate with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding a polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity. In some embodiments, the polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity is a fusion protein comprising one or more fusion domain fused to a cucurbitadienol synthase. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises a fusion domain fused to the N-terminus, the C-terminus, or both of the cucurbitadienol synthase. In some embodiments, the fusion domain is about 3 to about 1000 amino acids long. In some embodiments, the fusion domain is about 5 to about 50 amino acids long. In some embodiments, the fusion domain is a substantial portion or the entire sequence of a functional protein.

In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity comprises an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327-333, 417, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904 or 906. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 74, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 418, 421, 423, 425, 427, 897, 899, 901, 903 and 905.

In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of cucurbitadienol. In some embodiments, the 2,3-oxidosqualene and diepoxysqualene is provided to, produced by, and/or present in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, one or more of the 2,3-oxidosqualene and diepoxysqualene is produced by an enzyme comprising a sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 898 or 900. In some embodiments, the production of one or more of 2,3-oxidosqualene, diepoxysqualene, and diepoxysqualene involves an enzyme encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 897 or 899. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327, 329-333, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904, and 906. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprising cucurbitadienol synthase activity is encoded by a gene comprising a nucleic acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 74, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 418, 421, 423, 425, 427, 897, 899, 901, 903 and 905.

In some embodiments, the 11-hydroxy cucurbitadienol is provided to, produced by, and/or present in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the 11-hydroxy cucurbitadienol is expressed in a cell (for example the recombinant host cell) comprising a gene encoding CYP87D18 and/or SgCPR protein. In some embodiments, the CYP87D18 or SgCPR protein comprises an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 872 or 874. In some embodiments, the CYP87D18 or SgCPR protein is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 871 or 873.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting squalene with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding a squalene epoxidase. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of 2,3-oxidosqualene. In some embodiments, the squalene is provided to, produced by, and/or present in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the squalene epoxidase comprises an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 50-56, 60, 61, 334 or 335. In some embodiments, squalene epoxidase is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 335.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting farnesyl pyrophosphate with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding a squalene synthase. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of squalene. In some embodiments, the farnesyl pyrophosphate is provided to, produced by, and/or present in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the squalene synthase comprises an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 69 and 336. In some embodiments, the squalene synthase is encoded by a sequence comprising a nucleic acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 337.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting geranyl-PP with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding farnesyl-PP synthase. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of farnesyl-PP. In some embodiments, the geranyl-PP is provided to, produced by, and/or present in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the farnesyl-PP synthase comprises an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 338. In some embodiments, the farnesyl-PP synthase is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 339.

In some embodiments, one or more of the genes encoding (1) the first enzyme capable of catalyzing the production of Compound I from mogroside IIIE, (2) the enzyme capable of catalyzing the production of mogroside IIIE from mogroside IIA, (3) the epoxide hydrolase, (4) the cytochrome P450, (5) the polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity, (6) squalene epoxidase, (7) farnesyl-PP synthase is operably linked to a heterologous promoter. In some embodiments, the heterologous promoter is a CMV, EF1a, SV40, PGK1, human beta actin, CAG, GAL1, GAL10, TEF1, GDS, ADH1, CaMV35S, Ubi, T7, T7lac, Sp6, araBAD, trp, lac, Ptac, pL promoter, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the promoter is an inducible, repressible, or constitutive promoter. In some embodiments, production of one or more of pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, citrate, and TCA cycle intermediates have been upregulated in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, cytosolic localization has been upregulated in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, one or more of the first, second third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth gene comprises at least one sequence encoding a 2A self-cleaving peptide.

In some embodiments, the recombinant host cell is a plant, bivalve, fish, fungus, bacteria, or mammalian cell. In some embodiments, the plant is selected from the group consisting of Siraitia, Momordica, Gynostemma, Cucurbita, Cucumis, Arabidopsis, Artemisia, Stevia, Panax, Withania, Euphorbia, Medicago, Chlorophytum, Eleutherococcus, Aralia, Morus, Medicago, Betula, Astragalus, Jatropha, Camellia, Hypholoma, Aspergillus, Solanum, Huperzia, Pseudostellaria, Corchorus, Hedera, Marchantia, and Morums. In some embodiments, the fungus is selected from the group consisting of Trichophyton, Sanghuangporus, Taiwanofungus, Moniliophthora, Marssonina, Diplodia, Lentinula, Xanthophyllomyces, Pochonia, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Sanghuangporus, Aureobasidium, Pochonia, Penicillium, Sporothrix, Metarhizium, Aspergillus, Yarrowia, and Lipomyces. In some embodiments, the fungus is Aspergillus nidulans, Yarrowia lipolytica, or Rhodosporin toruloides. In some embodiments, the recombinant host cell is a yeast cell. In some embodiments, the yeast is selected from the group consisting of Candida, Sacccharaomyces, Saccharomycotina, Taphrinomycotina, Schizosaccharomycetes, Komagataella, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Tremellomycetes, Pucciniomycotina, Aureobasidium, Coniochaeta, Rhodosporidium, and Microboryomycetes. In some embodiments, the bacteria is selected from the group consisting of Frankia, Actinobacteria, Streptomyces, and Enterococcus. In some embodiments, the recombinant host cell is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell or a Yarrowia lipolytica cell. In some embodiments, one or more of the first, second third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth gene is a codon optimized gene for expression in a bacterial, mammalian, plant, fungal and/or insect cell. In some embodiments, one or more of the first, second third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth gene comprises a functional mutation to increased activity of the encoded enzyme. In some embodiments, cultivating the recombinant host cell comprises monitoring the cultivating for pH, dissolved oxygen level, nitrogen level, or a combination thereof of the cultivating conditions.

In some embodiments, the method comprises isolating Compound 1. In some embodiments, isolating Compound 1 comprises lysing the recombinant host cell, and/or isolating Compound 1 from the culture medium. In some embodiments, the method comprises purifying Compound 1. In some embodiments, purifying Compound 1 comprises HPLC, solid phase extraction or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the purifying comprises harvesting the recombinant host cells; saving the supernatant; and lysing the recombinant host cells. In some embodiments, the lysing comprises subjecting the cells to shear force or detergent washes thereby obtaining a lysate. The shear force can be, for example, from a sonication method, french pressurized cells, or beads. In some embodiments, the lysate is subjected to filtering and purification steps. In some embodiments, the lysate is filtered and purified by solid phase extraction.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting a first mogroside with one or more hydrolase to produce Mogroside IIIE before contacting the Mogroside IIIE with the first enzyme. The hydrolase can be, for example, a β-glucan hydrolase. In some embodiments, the hydrolase is EXG1 or EXG2. In some embodiments, the hydrolases comprises an amino acid sequence comprising having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs. 292, 366-368, 372, 376-398, 447-520, 524-845, 1013, 1014, and 1023.

In some embodiments, the first mogroside is mogroside IV, mogroside V, mogroside VI, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the first mogroside is mogroside V, siamenoside I, mogroside IVE, mogroside VI, mogroside IVA, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, contacting the first mogroside with the one or more hydrolase comprises contacting the first mogroside with a host cell that comprises a gene encoding the hydrolase. In some embodiments, the first mogroside contacts the one or more hydrolase in a host cell that comprises a gene encoding the hydrolase and a gene encoding the enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Compound 1. The host cell can be the recombinant host cell that comprises the first gene encoding the first enzyme capable of catalyzing the production of Compound 1 from mogroside IIIE. In some embodiments, the host cell is not the recombinant host cell comprising the first gene encoding the first enzyme capable of catalyzing the production of Compound 1 from mogroside IIIE. In some embodiments, the first mogroside is provided to, produced by, and/or present in the host cell. The gene encoding the hydrolase can be heterologous or homologous to the host cell. In some embodiments, the gene encoding the hydrolase is expressed at a normal level in the host cell. In some embodiments, the gene encoding the hydrolase is overexpressed in the host cell.

In some embodiments, the recombinant host cell comprises an oxidosqualene cyclase such as a cycloartenol synthase or a beta-amyrin synthase or a nucleic acid sequence encoding an oxidosqualene cyclase such as a cycloartenol synthase or a beta-amyrin synthase, and wherein the oxidosqualene cyclase, cycloartenol synthase, or beta-amyrin synthase are modified to produce cucurbitadienol or epoxycucurbitadienol. The oxidosqualene cyclase can, for example, comprise or consists of a sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 341, 343 and 346-347.

In some embodiments, the recombinant host cell comprises cytochrome P450 reductase or a gene encoding cytochrome P450 reductase. In some embodiments, the cytochrome P450 reductase comprises, or consists of, a sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 318.

Disclosed herein include a compound having the structure of Compound 1,

wherein the compound is produced by any of the methods disclosed herein.

Disclosed herein include a cell lysate comprising Compound 1 having the structure:

Also disclosed herein include a recombinant cell comprising: Compound 1 having the structure:

and a gene encoding an enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Compound 1 from mogroside IIIE. In some embodiments, the gene is a heterologous gene to the recombinant cell.

Disclosed herein include a recombinant cell comprising a first gene encoding a first enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Compound 1 having the structure:

from mogroside IIIE. The first enzyme can be, for example, one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases), glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a CGTase. For example, the CGTase can comprise an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 148, and 154. In some embodiments, the CGTase comprises, or consists of, the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 148, and 154. In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a dextransucrase. For example, the dextransucrase can comprise an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 2, 103, 106-110, 156 and 896. In some embodiments, the dextransucrase is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 104, 105, 157, 158, and 895. In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a transglucosidase. The transglucosidase can, for example, comprise an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 163-291 and 723. In some embodiments, the transglucosidase comprises, or consists of, an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 95-102 and 163-291 and 723. In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a beta-glucosidase. In some embodiments, the beta-glucosidase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 102, 292, 354-376, and 678-741.

In some embodiments, the cell further comprises a second gene encoding a uridine diphosphate-glucosyl transferase (UGT). In some embodiments, the UGT comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4-9, 15-19, 125, 126, 128, 129, 293-307, 407, 409, 411, 413, 439, 441, and 444. In some embodiments, the UGT is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 116-124, 127, 130, 408, 410, 412, 414, 440, 442, 443, and 445. In some embodiments, the UGT is encoded by a sequence set forth in UGT1495 (SEQ ID NO: 10), UGT1817 (SEQ ID NO: 11), UGT5914 (SEQ ID NO: 12), UGT8468 (SEQ ID NO: 13), or UGT10391 (SEQ ID NO: 14). In some embodiments, the cell further comprises a third gene encoding UGT98 or UGT SK98. In some embodiments, the UGT98 or UGT SK98 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9, 407, 16 or 306. In some embodiments, the UGT98 is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 307.

In some embodiments, the cell comprises a fourth gene encoding an epoxide hydrolase. In some embodiments, the epoxide hydrolase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21-30 and 309-314; or is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 114 and 115.

In some embodiments, the cell comprises a fifth sequence encoding P450. In some embodiments, the P450 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 20, 49, 308, 315, 430, 872, 874, 876, 878, 880, 882, 884, 886, 888, 890, and 891; or is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 31-48, 316, 431, 871, 873, 875, 877, 879, 881, 883, 885, 887, 889, and 892. In some embodiments, the P450 is encoded by a gene comprising or consisting of a sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 31-48, 316 and 318.

In some embodiments, the cell comprises a sixth sequence encoding a polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity. In some embodiments, the polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity is a fusion protein. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises one or more fusion domains fused to the N-terminus, the C-terminus, or both of a cucurbitadienol synthase. The length of the fusion domain can vary, for example from about 3 to about 1000 amino acids long, or about 5 to about 50 amino acids long. In some embodiments, the fusion domain is a substantial portion or the entire sequence of a functional protein. In some embodiments, the polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327-333, 417, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904, 906, 906, 851, 854, 856, 1024, 859, 862, 865, 867, 915, 920, 924, 928, 932, 936, 940, 944, 948, 952, 956, 959, 964, 967, 971, 975, 979, 983, 987, 991, 995, 999, 1003, 1007, and 1011. In some embodiments, the polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 74, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 418, 421, 423, 425, 427, 897, 899, 901, 903 and 905.

In some embodiments, the cell further comprises a seventh gene encoding a squalene epoxidase. In some embodiments, the squalene epoxidase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 50-56, 60, 61, 334, and 335. In some embodiments, the squalene epoxidase is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 335.

In some embodiments, the cell comprises an eighth gene encoding a squalene synthase. In some embodiments, the squalene synthase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69 or 336. In some embodiments, the squalene synthase is encoded by a sequence comprising, or consisting of, a nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 337.

In some embodiments, the cell further comprises a ninth gene encoding a farnesyl-PP synthase. In some embodiments, the farnesyl-PP synthase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 338. In some embodiments, the farnesyl-PP synthase is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 339.

In some embodiments, the cell is a mammalian, plant, bacterial, fungal, or insect cell. For example, the cell can be a yeast cell. In some embodiments, the yeast is selected from Candida, Saccharaomyces, Saccharomycotina, Taphrinomycotina, Schizosaccharomycetes, Komagataella, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Tremellomycetes, Pucciniomycotina, Aureobasidium, Coniochaeta, and Microboryomycetes. In some embodiments, the plant is selected from the group consisting of Siraitia, Momordica, Gynostemma, Cucurbita, Cucumis, Arabidopsis, Artemisia, Stevia, Panax, Withania, Euphorbia, Medicago, Chlorophytum, Eleutherococcus, Aralia, Morus, Medicago, Betula, Astragalus, Jatropha, Camellia, Hypholoma, Aspergillus, Solanum, Huperzia, Pseudostellaria, Corchorus, Hedera, Marchantia, and Morus. In some embodiments, the fungus is selected from Trichophyton, Sanghuangporus, Taiwanofungus, Moniliophthora, Marssonina, Diplodia, Lentinula, Xanthophyllomyces, Pochonia, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Sanghuangporus, Aureobasidium, Pochonia, Penicillium, Sporothrix, and Metarhizium.

In some embodiments, the cell comprises a gene encoding at least one hydrolytic enzyme capable of hydrolyzing Mogroside V. In some embodiments, Compound 1 displays tolerance to hydrolytic enzymes in the recombinant cell, wherein the hydrolytic enzymes display capabilities of hydrolyzing Mogroside VI, Mogroside V, Mogroside IV to Mogroside IIIE.

In some embodiments, the recombinant cell comprises an oxidosqualene cyclase such as a cycloartenol synthase or a beta-amyrin synthase or a nucleic acid sequence encoding an oxidosqualene cyclase such as a cycloartenol synthase or a beta-amyrin synthase, and wherein the oxidosqualene cyclase, cycloartenol synthase, or beta-amyrin synthase are modified to produce cucurbitadienol or epoxycucurbitadienol.

In some embodiments, the oxidosqualene cyclase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 341, 343 and 346-347. In some embodiments, the cell comprises cytochrome P450 reductase or a gene encoding cytochrome P450 reductase. In some embodiments, the cytochrome P450 reductase regenerates cytochrome P450 activity. In some embodiments, the cytochrome P450 reductase comprises a sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 318.

In some embodiments, the cell comprises a sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 897, 899, 909, 911, 913, 418, 421, 423, 425, 427, 871, 873, 901, 903, and 905. In some embodiments, the cell comprises an enzyme comprising a sequence set forth in or is encoded by any one sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 315, 316, 420, 422, 424, 426, 430, 431, 446, 871, 845-949, and 951-1012.

In some embodiments, the cell comprises a gene encoding a hydrolase capable of hydrolyzing a first mogroside to produce Mogroside IIIE. In some embodiments, the hydrolase is a β-glucan hydrolase. In some embodiments, the hydrolase is EXG1 or EXG2. In some embodiments, the hydrolase comprises an amino acid sequence comprising having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs. 292, 366-368, 372, 376-398, 447-520, 524-845, 1013, 1014, and 1023.

In some embodiments, the first mogroside is mogroside IV, mogroside V, mogroside VI, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the first mogroside is mogroside V, siamenoside I, mogroside IVE, mogroside VI, mogroside IVA, or a combination thereof.

The gene encoding the hydrolase can be heterologous or homologous to the recombinant host cell. The gene encoding the hydrolase can be expressed at a normal level or overexpressed in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the cell is a yeast cell. In some embodiments, the cell is Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Yarrowia lipolytica.

Also disclosed herein include a method of producing Compound 1 having the structure of:

In some embodiments, the method comprises: contacting a first mogroside with one or more hydrolase to produce mogroside IIIE; and contacting the mogroside IIIE with an enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Compound 1 from mogroside IIIE.

In some embodiments, the hydrolase is a β-glucan hydrolase. In some embodiments, the hydrolase is EXG1, for example an EXG1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1012 or 1014. In some embodiments, the hydrolase is EXG2, for example an EXG2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1023.

In some embodiments, the first mogroside is mogroside IV, a mogroside V, a mogroside VI, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the first mogroside is mogroside V, siamenoside I, mogroside IVE, mogroside VI, mogroside IVA, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, contacting the first mogroside with the one or more hydrolase comprises contacting the first mogroside with a recombinant host cell that comprises a first gene encoding the hydrolase and a second gene encoding the enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Compound 1. In some embodiments, the first mogroside contacts the one or more hydrolase in a recombinant host cell that comprises a first gene encoding the hydrolase and a second gene encoding the enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Compound 1. In some embodiments, the first mogroside is produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the first gene is native to the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the first gene is expressed at a normal level. In some embodiments, the first gene is heterologous to the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the first gene is overexpressed. In some embodiments, the second gene is heterologous to the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Compound 1 is one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases), glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

Disclosed herein includes a recombinant cell, comprising: a first gene encoding a hydrolase capable of hydrolyzing a first mogroside to produce mogroside IIIE; and a second gene encoding an enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Compound 1 from Mogroside IIIE, wherein Compound 1 has the structure:

In some embodiments, the hydrolase is a β-glucan hydrolase. For example, the hydrolase can be EXG1 or EXG2. In some embodiments, the EXG2 protein comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1023. In some embodiments, the first mogroside is mogroside IV, mogroside V, mogroside VI, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the first mogroside is mogroside V, siamenoside I, mogroside IVE, mogroside VI, mogroside IVA, or a combination thereof. The first gene can be heterologous or homologous to the recombinant host cell. The first gene can be overexpressed or expressed at a normal level in the host cell. The cell can be, for example, a yeast cell. In some embodiments, the cell is Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Yarrowia lipolytica.

Also disclosed herein include a fusion polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity, wherein the fusion polypeptide comprises a fusion domain fused to a cucurbitadienol synthase. The fusion domain can be fused to the N-terminus, the C-terminus, or both of the cucurbitadienol synthase. The fusion domain can be, for example, about 3 to about 1000 amino acids long, or about 5 to about 50 amino acids long. In some embodiments, the fusion domain comprises a substantial portion or the entire sequence of a functional protein. In some embodiments, the fusion domain is a substantial portion or the entire sequence of a functional protein. In some embodiments, the fusion domain comprises a portion or the entire sequence of a yeast protein. In some embodiments, the fusion domain is a portion or the entire sequence of a yeast protein. In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 851, 854, 856, 1024, 859, 862, 865, 867, 915, 920, 924, 928, 932, 936, 940, 944, 948, 952, 956, 959, 964, 967, 971, 975, 979, 983, 987, 991, 995, 999, 1003, 1007, and 1011. In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide comprises, or consists of, an amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 851, 854, 856, 1024, 859, 862, 865, 867, 915, 920, 924, 928, 932, 936, 940, 944, 948, 952, 956, 959, 964, 967, 971, 975, 979, 983, 987, 991, 995, 999, 1003, 1007, and 1011. In some embodiments, the fusion domain of the fusion polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 866, 870, 917, 921, 925, 929, 933, 937, 941, 945, 949, 953, 957, 961, 968, 972, 976, 980, 984, 988, 992, 996, 1000, 1004, 1008, and 1012. In some embodiments, the fusion domain of the fusion polypeptide comprises, or consists of, a sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 866, 870, 917, 921, 925, 929, 933, 937, 941, 945, 949, 953, 957, 961, 968, 972, 976, 980, 984, 988, 992, 996, 1000, 1004, 1008, and 1012.

In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327, 329-333, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904, and 906. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase comprises, or consists of, an amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327, 329-333, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904, and 906. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase is encoded by a gene comprising a nucleic acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 74, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 418, 421, 423, 425, 427, 897, 899, 901, 903, and 905. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase is encoded by a gene comprising, or consisting of, a nucleic acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 74, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 418, 421, 423, 425, 427, 897, 899, 901, 903, and 905.

Disclosed herein include a recombinant nucleic acid molecule which comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding any of the fusion polypeptides disclosed herein and having cucurbitadienol synthase activity. Disclosed herein include a recombinant cell comprising any of the fusion polypeptide disclosed herein and having cucurbitadienol synthase activity and/or any recombinant nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein encoding a fusion polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity. Also disclosed herein include a method using any of the fusion polypeptide disclosed herein and having cucurbitadienol synthase activity. The method can comprise contacting a substrate for cucurbitadienol synthase with a fusion polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity. In some embodiments, the contacting results in a production of cucurbitadienol, 24,25-epoxy cucurbitadienol, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the substrate for cucurbitadienol synthase comprises one or more of 2,3-oxidosqualene, dioxidosqualene and diepoxysqualene. In some embodiments, the contacting comprises contacting the substrate with a recombinant host cell which comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding the fusion polypeptide. The recombinant host cell can, for example, express the fusion polypeptide. In some embodiments, the substrate is provided to, present in, and/or produced by the recombinant host cell.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows HPLC data and mass spectroscopy data (inset) of Compound 1 production after treatment of Mogroside IIIE with CGTase.

FIG. 2 shows HPLC data and mass spectroscopy data (inset) of Compound 1 production after treatment of Mogroside IIIE with Streptococcus mutans Clarke ATCC 25175 Dextransucrase.

FIG. 3 shows HPLC data and mass spectroscopy data (inset) of mogroside glycosylation reaction after treatment with Celluclast in the presence of xylan.

FIGS. 4 and 5 shows HPLC data and mass spectroscopy data (inset) of mogroside glycosylation reaction after treatment with UDP-glycosyltransferase.

FIG. 6 shows HPLC data and mass spectroscopy data (inset) of Mogrol after treatment with UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT73C6 to Mogroside I.

FIGS. 7-9 show HPLC data and mass spectroscopy data (inset) of Mogrol after treatment with UDP-glycosyltransferase (338) (SEQ ID NO: 405) to the products Mogroside I, Mogroside IIA, and 2 different Mogroside III products.

FIGS. 10 and 11 show HPLC data and mass spectroscopy data (inset) of Mogroside IIIE after treatment with UDP-glycosyltransferase to produce Siamenoside I and Mogroside V products.

FIGS. 12-14 show HPLC data and mass spectroscopy data (inset) of products of the reaction of Mogrol, Siamenoside I or Compound 1 after treatment with UDP-glycosyltransferase (339) (SEQ ID NO:409) to produce Mogroside I, Isomogroside V and Compound 1 derivative, respectively.

FIGS. 15-20 show HPLC data and mass spectroscopy data (inset) of Mogroside IIIA, Mogroside IVE, Mogroside V, respectively which were produced treating Mogroside IIA, Mogroside IIE, Mogroside IIIE, Mogroside IVA, or Mogroside IVE with UDP-glycosyltransferase (330) (SEQ ID NO: 411).

FIGS. 21 and 22 show mass spectroscopy profile of reaction products Mogroside IVE and Mogroside V.

FIG. 23 shows production of cucurbitadienol with cucurbitadienol synthase (SgCbQ) (SEQ ID NO: 417).

FIG. 24 shows production of cucurbitadienol using the enzyme Cpep2 (SEQ ID NO: 420).

FIG. 25 shows production of cucurbitadienol using the enzyme Cpep4 (SEQ ID NO: 422).

FIG. 26 shows production of dihydroxycucurbitadienol from catalysis by epoxide hydrolase (SEQ ID NO: 428).

FIGS. 27A-B show tolerance of Compound 1 to hydrolysis by microbial enzymes

FIG. 28 shows UPLC chromatogram of α-mogroside isomers mixture from Hilic_80_20 method.

FIG. 29 shows purity of the sample from UPLC analysis on Hilic_80_20 method.

FIG. 30 shows a flow chart showing a non-limiting exemplary pathway for producing Compound 1.

FIG. 31 shows the UV absorbance of the diepoxysqualene of Step 1 shown in FIG. 30 for boosting oxidosqualene.

FIG. 32 shows production of cucurbitadienol in step 2 using enzymes from Cucumis melo and Cucurbita maxima

FIG. 33 shows production of cucurbitadienol in step 2 using enzyme from Pisum sativum.

FIG. 34 shows production of cucurbitadienol in step 2 using enzyme from Dictyostelium sp.

FIG. 35 shows the intermediates of Step 3 of the pathway shown in FIG. 30.

FIG. 36 shows the mass spectroscopy data of the intermediates of step 4 of the pathway shown in FIG. 30, mogrol synthesis.

FIG. 37 shows the intermediates of step 7 of the pathway shown in FIG. 30, synthesis of Compound 1.

FIG. 38 is a schematic illustration showing the production of hyper-glycosylated mogrosides through glycosolation enzymes, which may then be hydrolyzed back to Mogroside IIIE.

FIG. 39 is a schematic illustration showing how hydrolysis can be used to hydrolyze hyper-glycosylated mogrosides to produce Mogroside IIIE, which can then be converted to Compound 1.

FIGS. 40A-B show that after 2 days of incubation, substantially all of the mogrosides were converted to Mogroside IIIE in S. cerevisiae or Y. lipolytica.

FIG. 41 shows that no hydrolysis product from Compound 1 was detected from in S. cerevisiae or Y. lipolytica.

FIG. 42 shows production of Compound 1 in S. cerevisiae modified to overexpress a dextransucrase (DexT).

FIG. 43 shows enzymatic reactions catalyzed by the 311 enzyme (UDP-glycosyltransferases.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Definitions

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. All patents, applications, published applications, and other publications are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In the event that there is a plurality of definitions for a term herein, those in this section prevail unless stated otherwise.

“Solvate” refers to the compound formed by the interaction of a solvent and a compound described herein or salt thereof. Suitable solvates are physiologically acceptable solvates including hydrates.

A “sweetener”, “sweet flavoring agent”, “sweet flavor entity”, “sweet compound,” or “sweet tasting compound,” as used herein refers to a compound or physiologically acceptable salt thereof that elicits a detectable sweet flavor in a subject.

As used herein, the term “operably linked” is used to describe the connection between regulatory elements and a gene or its coding region. Typically, gene expression is placed under the control of one or more regulatory elements, for example, without limitation, constitutive or inducible promoters, tissue-specific regulatory elements, and enhancers. A gene or coding region is said to be “operably linked to” or “operatively linked to” or “operably associated with” the regulatory elements, meaning that the gene or coding region is controlled or influenced by the regulatory element. For instance, a promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence if the promoter effects transcription or expression of the coding sequence.

The term “regulatory element” and “expression control element” are used interchangeably and refer to nucleic acid molecules that can influence the expression of an operably linked coding sequence in a particular host organism. These terms are used broadly to and cover all elements that promote or regulate transcription, including promoters, enhancer sequences, response elements, protein recognition sites, inducible elements, protein binding sequences, 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), transcriptional start sites, termination sequences, polyadenylation sequences, intrans, core elements required for basic interaction of RNA polymerase and transcription factors, upstream elements, enhancers, response elements (see, e.g., Lewin, “Genes V” (Oxford University Press, Oxford) pages 847-873), and any combination thereof. Exemplary regulatory elements in prokaryotes include promoters, operator sequences and a ribosome binding sites. Regulatory elements that are used in eukaryotic cells can include, without limitation, transcriptional and translational control sequences, such as promoters, enhancers, splicing signals, polyadenylation signals, terminators, protein degradation signals, internal ribosome-entry element (IRES), 2A sequences, and the like, that provide for and/or regulate expression of a coding sequence and/or production of an encoded polypeptide in a host cell. In some embodiments herein, the recombinant cell described herein comprises a genes operably linked to regulatory elements.

As used herein, 2A sequences or elements refer to small peptides introduced as a linker between two proteins, allowing autonomous intraribosomal self-processing of polyproteins (See e.g., de Felipe. Genetic Vaccines and Ther. 2:13 (2004); deFelipe et al. Traffic 5:616-626 (2004)). These short peptides allow co-expression of multiple proteins from a single vector. Many 2A elements are known in the art. Examples of 2A sequences that can be used in the methods and system disclosed herein, without limitation, include 2A sequences from the foot-and-mouth disease virus (F2A), equine rhinitis A virus (E2A), Thosea asigna virus (T2A), and porcine teschovirus-1 (P2A) as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20070116690.

As used herein, the term “promoter” is a nucleotide sequence that permits binding of RNA polymerase and directs the transcription of a gene. Typically, a promoter is located in the 5′ non-coding region of a gene, proximal to the transcriptional start site of the gene. Sequence elements within promoters that function in the initiation of transcription are often characterized by consensus nucleotide sequences. Examples of promoters include, but are not limited to, promoters from bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses, and mammals (including humans). A promoter can be inducible, repressible, and/or constitutive. Inducible promoters initiate increased levels of transcription from DNA under their control in response to some change in culture conditions, such as a change in temperature.

As used herein, the term “enhancer” refers to a type of regulatory element that can increase the efficiency of transcription, regardless of the distance or orientation of the enhancer relative to the start site of transcription.

As used herein, the term “transgene” refers to any nucleotide or DNA sequence that is integrated into one or more chromosomes of a target cell by human intervention. In some embodiment, the transgene comprises a polynucleotide that encodes a protein of interest. The protein-encoding polynucleotide is generally operatively linked to other sequences that are useful for obtaining the desired expression of the gene of interest, such as transcriptional regulatory sequences. In some embodiments, the transgene can additionally comprise a nucleic acid or other molecule(s) that is used to mark the chromosome where it has integrated.

“Percent (%) sequence identity” with respect to polynucleotide or polypeptide sequences is used herein as the percentage of bases or amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical with the bases or amino acid residues in another sequence, after aligning the two sequences. Gaps can be introduced into the sequence alignment, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity. Conservative substitutions are not considered as part of the sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent (%) sequence identity can be achieved in various ways that are within the skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer methods and programs such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN, FASTA (available in the Genetics Computing Group (GCG) package, from Madison, Wis., USA), or Megalign (DNASTAR). Those of skill in the art can determine appropriate parameters for measuring alignment, including any algorithms needed to achieve maximal alignment over the full length of the sequences being compared.

For instance, percent (%) amino acid sequence identity values may be obtained by using the WU-BLAST-2 computer program described in, for example, Altschul et al., Methods in Enzymology, 1996, 266:460-480. Many search parameters in the WU-BLAST-2 computer program can be adjusted by those skilled in the art. For example, some of the adjustable parameters can be set with the following values: overlap span=1, overlap fraction=0.125, word threshold (T)=11, and scoring matrix=BLOSUM62. When WU-BLAST-2 is used, a % amino acid sequence identity value is determined by dividing (a) the number of matching identical amino acid residues between the amino acid sequence of a first protein of interest and the amino acid sequence of a second protein of interest as determined by WU-BLAST-2 by (b) the total number of amino acid residues of the first protein of interest.

Percent amino acid sequence identity may also be determined using the sequence comparison program NCBI-BLAST2 described in, for example, Altschul et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 1997, 25:3389-3402. The NCBI-BLAST2 sequence comparison program may be downloaded from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov or otherwise obtained from the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md. NCBI-BLAST2 uses several adjustable search parameters. The default values for some of those adjustable search parameters are, for example, unmask=yes, strand=all, expected occurrences=10, minimum low complexity length=15/5, multi-pass e-value=0.01, constant for multi-pass=25, drop-off for final gapped alignment=25 and scoring matrix=BLOSUM62.

In situations where NCBI-BLAST2 is used for amino acid sequence comparisons, the % amino acid sequence identity of a given amino acid sequence A to, with, or against a given amino acid sequence B (which can alternatively be phrased as a given amino acid sequence A that has or comprises a certain % amino acid sequence identity to, with, or against a given amino acid sequence B) is calculated as follows:

100 times the fraction X/Y

where X is the number of amino acid residues scored as identical matches by the sequence alignment program NCBI-BLAST2 in that program's alignment of A and B, and where Y is the total number of amino acid residues in B. It will be appreciated that where the length of amino acid sequence A is not equal to the length of amino acid sequence B, the % amino acid sequence identity of A to B will not equal the % amino acid sequence identity of B to A.

As used herein, “isolated” means that the indicated compound has been separated from its natural milieu, such that one or more other compounds or biological agents present with the compound in its natural state are no longer present.

As used herein, “purified” means that the indicated compound is present at a higher amount relative to other compounds typically found with the indicated compound (e.g., in its natural environment). In some embodiments, the relative amount of purified a purified compound is increased by greater than 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 120%, 150%, 200%, 300%, 400%, or 1000%. In some embodiments, a purified compound is present at a weight percent level greater than 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or 99.5% relative to other compounds combined with the compound. In some embodiments, the compound 1 produced from the embodiments herein is present at a weight percent level greater than 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or 99.5% relative to other compounds combined with the compound after production.

“Purification” as described herein, can refer to the methods for extracting Compound 1 from the cell lysate and/or the supernatant, wherein the cell is excreting the product of Compound 1. “Lysate” as described herein, comprises the cellular content of a cell after disruption of the cell wall and cell membranes and can include proteins, sugars, and mogrosides, for example. Purification can involve ammonium sulfate precipitation to remove proteins, salting to remove proteins, hydrophobic separation (HPLC), and use of an affinity column. In view of the products produced by the methods herein, affinity media is contemplated for the removal of specific mogrosides with an adsorbent resin.

“HPLC” as described herein is a form of liquid chromatography that can be used to separate compounds that are dissolved in solution. Without being limiting the HPLC instruments can comprise of a reservoir of mobile phase, a pump, an injector, a separation column, and a detector. Compounds can then be separated by injecting a sample mixture onto the column. The different components in the mixture pass can pass through the column at different rates due to differences in their partitioning behavior between the mobile liquid phase and the stationary phase. There are several columns that can be used. Without being limiting the columns can be normal phase columns, reverse phase columns, size exclusion type of columns, and ion exchange columns.

Also contemplated is the use of solid phase extraction and fractionation, which is useful for desalting proteins and sugar samples. Other methods can include the use of HPLC, liquid chromatography for analyzing samples, and liquid-liquid extraction, described in Auréa Andrade-Eiroa et al. (TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry Volume 80, June 2016, Pages 641-654; incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.

“Solid phase extraction” (SPE) for purification, as described herein, refers to a sample preparation process in which compounds that are dissolved or suspended in a liquid mixture are separated from other compounds in the mixture according to their physical and chemical properties. For example, analytical laboratories can use solid phase extraction to concentrate and purify samples for analysis. Solid phase extraction can also be used to isolate analytes of interest from a wide variety of matrices, including urine, blood, water, beverages, soil, and animal tissue, for example. In the embodiments herein, Compound 1 that is in cell lysate or in the cell media can be purified by solid phase extraction.

SPE uses the affinity of solutes dissolved or suspended in a liquid (known as the mobile phase) for a solid through which the sample is passed (known as the stationary phase) to separate a mixture into desired and undesired components. SPE can also be used and applied directly in gas-solid phase and liquid-solid phase, or indirectly to solid samples by using, e.g., thermodesorption with subsequent chromatographic analysis. This can result in either the desired analytes of interest or undesired impurities in the sample are retained on the stationary phase. The portion that passes through the stationary phase can be collected or discarded, depending on whether it contains the desired analytes or undesired impurities. If the portion retained on the stationary phase includes the desired analytes, they can then be removed from the stationary phase for collection in an additional step, in which the stationary phase is rinsed with an appropriate eluent.

Ways that the solid phase extraction can be performed are not limited. Without being limiting, the procedures may include: Normal phase SPE procedure, Reversed phase SPE, Ion exchange SPE, Anion exchange SPE, Cation exchange, and Solid-phase microextraction. Solid phase extraction is described in Sajid et al., and Płotka-Wasylka J et al. (Anal Chim Acta. 2017 May 1; 965:36-53, Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2017 Apr. 11: 1-11; incorporated by reference in its entirety).

In some embodiments, the compound 1 that is produced by the cell is purified by solid phase extraction. In some embodiments, the purity of compound 1, for example purified by solid phase extraction is 70%, 80%, 90% or 100% pure or any level of purity defined by any aforementioned values.

“Fermentation” as described herein, refers broadly to the bulk growth of host cells in a host medium to produce a specific product. In the embodiments herein, the final product produced is Compound 1. This can also include methods that occur with or without air and can be carried out in an anaerobic environment, for example. The whole cells (recombinant host cells) may be in fermentation broth or in a reaction buffer.

Compound 1 and intermediate mogroside compound for the production of Compound 1 can be isolated by collection of intermediate mogroside compounds and Compound 1 from the recombinant cell lysate or from the supernatant. The lysate can be obtained after harvesting the cells and subjecting the cells to lysis by shear force (French press cell or sonication) or by detergent treatment. The lysate can then be filtered and treated with ammonium sulfate to remove proteins, and fractionated on a C18 HPLC (5×10 cm Atlantis prep T3 OBD column, 5 um, Waters) and by injections using an A/B gradient (A=water B=acetonitrile) of 10→30% B over 30 minutes, with a 95% B wash, followed by re-equilibration at 1% (total run time=42 minutes). The runs can be collected in tared tubes (12 fractions/plate, 3 plates per run) at 30 mL/fraction. The lysate can also be centrifuged to remove solids and particulate matter.

Plates can then be dried in the Genevac HT12/HT24. The desired compound is expected to be eluted in Fraction 21 along with other isomers. The pooled Fractions can be further fractionated in 47 runs on fluoro-phenyl HPLC column (3×10 cm, Xselect fluoro-phenyl OBD column, 5 um, Waters) using an A/B gradient (A=water, B=acetonitrile) of 15→30% B over 35 minutes, with a 95% B wash, followed by re-equilibration at 15% (total run time=45 minutes). Each run was collected in 12 tared tubes (12 fractions/plate, 1 plate per run) at 30 mL/fraction. Fractions containing the desired peak with the desired purity can be pooled based on UPLC analysis and dried under reduced pressure to give a whitish powdery solid. The pure compound can be re-suspended/dissolved in 10 mL of water and lyophilized to obtain at least a 95% purity.

As used herein, a “glycosidic bond” refers to a covalent bond connecting two furanose and/or pyranose groups together. Generally, a glycosidic bond is the bond between the anomeric carbon of one furanose or pyranose moiety and an oxygen of another furanose or pyranose moiety. Glycosidic bonds are named using the numbering of the connected carbon atoms, and the alpha/beta orientation. α- and β-glycosidic bonds are distinguished based on the relative stereochemistry of the anomeric position and the stereocenter furthest from C1 in the ring. For example, sucrose is a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose connected through an alpha 1-2 glycosidic bond, as shown below.

An example of a beta 1-4 glycosidic bond can be found in cellulose:

As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “an aromatic compound” includes mixtures of aromatic compounds.

Often, ranges are expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint.

“Codon optimization” as described herein, refers to the design process of altering codons to codons known to increase maximum protein expression efficiency. In some alternatives, codon optimization for expression in a cell is described, wherein codon optimization can be performed by using algorithms that are known to those skilled in the art so as to create synthetic genetic transcripts optimized for high mRNA and protein yield in humans. Codons can be optimized for protein expression in a bacterial cell, mammalian cell, yeast cell, insect cell, or plant cell, for example. Programs containing algorithms for codon optimization in humans are readily available. Such programs can include, for example, OptimumGene™ or GeneGPS® algorithms. Additionally codon optimized sequences can be obtained commercially, for example, from Integrated DNA Technologies. In some of the embodiments herein, a recombinant cell for the production of Compound 1 comprises genes encoding enzymes for synthesis, wherein the genes are codon optimized for expression. In some embodiments, the genes are codon optimized for expression in bacterial, yeast, fungal or insect cells.

As used herein, the terms “nucleic acid,” “nucleic acid molecule,” and “polynucleotide” are interchangeable and refer to any nucleic acid, whether composed of phosphodiester linkages or modified linkages such as phosphotriester, phosphoramidate, siloxane, carbonate, carboxymethylester, acetamidate, carbamate, thioether, bridged phosphoramidate, bridged methylene phosphonate, bridged phosphoramidate, bridged phosphoramidate, bridged methylene phosphonate, phosphorothioate, methylphosphonate, phosphorodithioate, bridged phosphorothioate or sultone linkages, and combinations of such linkages. The terms “nucleic acid” and “polynucleotide” also specifically include nucleic acids composed of bases other than the five biologically occurring bases (adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine and uracil).

Non-limiting examples of polynucleotides include deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA), oligonucleotides, fragments generated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and fragments generated by any of ligation, scission, endonuclease action, and exonuclease action. Nucleic acid molecules can be composed of monomers that are naturally-occurring nucleotides (such as DNA and RNA), or analogs of naturally-occurring nucleotides (e.g., enantiomeric forms of naturally-occurring nucleotides), or a combination of both. Modified nucleotides can have alterations in sugar moieties and/or in pyrimidine or purine base moieties. Sugar modifications include, for example, replacement of one or more hydroxyl groups with halogens, alkyl groups, amines, and azido groups, or sugars can be functionalized as ethers or esters. Moreover, the entire sugar moiety can be replaced with sterically and electronically similar structures, such as aza-sugars and carbocyclic sugar analogs. Examples of modifications in a base moiety include alkylated purines and pyrimidines, acylated purines or pyrimidines, or other well-known heterocyclic substitutes. Nucleic acid monomers can be linked by phosphodiester bonds or analogs of such linkages. Analogs of phosphodiester linkages include phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, phosphoroselenoate, phosphorodiselenoate, phosphoroanilothioate, phosphoranilidate, phosphoramidate, and the like. The term “nucleic acid molecule” also includes so-called “peptide nucleic acids,” which comprise naturally-occurring or modified nucleic acid bases attached to a polyamide backbone. Nucleic acids can be either single stranded or double stranded. In some alternatives, a nucleic acid sequence encoding a fusion protein is provided. In some alternatives, the nucleic acid is RNA or DNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-1023.

“Coding for” or “encoding” are used herein, and refers to the property of specific sequences of nucleotides in a polynucleotide, such as a gene, a cDNA, or an mRNA, to serve as templates for synthesis of other macromolecules such as a defined sequence of amino acids. Thus, a gene codes for a protein if transcription and translation of mRNA corresponding to that gene produces the protein in a cell or other biological system. In some embodiments herein, a recombinant cell is provided, wherein the recombinant cell comprises genes encoding for enzymes such as dextransucrase, UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, dextranases, and/or UGT. In some embodiments, the transglucosidases comprises an amino acid sequence set forth by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 163-290 and 723. In some embodiments, the CGTases are encoded by or have the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 147 and 154. In some embodiments, the genes encoding the enzymes such as dextransucrase, UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, dextranases, and/or UGT are codon optimized for expression in the host cell. A “nucleic acid sequence coding for a polypeptide” includes all nucleotide sequences that are degenerate versions of each other and that code for the same amino acid sequence.

Optimization can also be performed to reduce the occurrence of secondary structure in a polynucleotide. In some alternatives of the method, optimization of the sequences in the vector can also be performed to reduce the total GC/AT ratio. Strict codon optimization can lead to unwanted secondary structure or an undesirably high GC content that leads to secondary structure. As such, the secondary structures affect transcriptional efficiency. Programs such as GeneOptimizer can be used after codon usage optimization, for secondary structure avoidance and GC content optimization. These additional programs can be used for further optimization and troubleshooting after an initial codon optimization to limit secondary structures that can occur after the first round of optimization. Alternative programs for optimization are readily available. In some alternatives of the method, the vector comprises sequences that are optimized for secondary structure avoidance and/or the sequences are optimized to reduce the total GC/AT ratio and/or the sequences are optimized for expression in a bacterial or yeast cell.

“Vector,” “Expression vector” or “construct” is a nucleic acid used to introduce heterologous nucleic acids into a cell that has regulatory elements to provide expression of the heterologous nucleic acids in the cell. Vectors include but are not limited to plasmid, minicircles, yeast, and viral genomes. In some alternatives, the vectors are plasmid, minicircles, yeast, or genomes. In some alternatives, the vector is for protein expression in a bacterial system such as E. coli. In some alternatives, the vector is for protein expression in a bacterial system, such as E. coli. In some alternatives, the vector is for protein expression in a yeast system. In some embodiments, the vector for expression is a viral vector. In some embodiments the vector is a recombinant vector comprising promoter sequences for upregulation of expression of the genes. “Regulatory elements” can refer to the nucleic acid that has nucleotide sequences that can influence the transcription or translation initiation and rate, stability and mobility of a transcription or translation product.

“Recombinant host” or “recombinant host cell” as described herein is a host, the genome of which has been augmented by at least one incorporated DNA sequence. Said incorporated DNA sequence may be a heterologous nucleic acid encoding one or more polypeptides. Such DNA sequences include but are not limited to genes that are not naturally present, DNA sequences that are not normally transcribed into RNA or translated into a protein (“expressed”), and other genes or DNA sequences which one desires to introduce into the nonrecombinant host. In some embodiments, the recombinant host cell is used to prevent expression problems such as codon-bias. There are commercial hosts for expression of proteins, for example, BL21-CodonPlus™ cells, tRNA-Supplemented Host Strains for Expression of Heterologous Genes, Rosetta™ (DE3) competent strains for enhancing expression of proteins, and commercial yeast expression systems in the genera Saccharomyces, Pichia, Kluyveromyces, Hansenula and Yarrowia.

The recombinant host may be a commercially available cell such as Rosetta cells for expression of enzymes that may have rare codons.

In some embodiments, the recombinant cell comprises a recombinant gene for the production of cytochrome P450 polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of CYP533, CYP937, CYP1798, CYP1994, CYP2048, CYP2740, CYP3404, CYP3968, CYP4112, CYP4149, CYP4491,CYP5491, CYP6479, CYP7604, CYP8224, CYP8728, CYP10020, and CYP10285. In some embodiments, the P450 polypeptide is encoded in genes comprising any one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID Nos: 31-48, 316, 431, 871, 873, 875, 877, 879, 881, 883, 885, 887, and 891.

In some embodiments, the P450 enzyme is aided by at least one CYP activator, such as CPR4497. In some embodiments, the recombinant host cell further comprises a gene encoding CPR4497, wherein the gene comprises a nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 112. In some embodiments, the recombinant host cell further comprises a gene encoding CPR4497, wherein the amino acid sequence of CPR4497 is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 113.

In some embodiments, wherein the recombinant host cell is a yeast cell, the recombinant cell has a deletion of EXG1 gene and/or the EXG2 gene to prevent reduction of glucanase activity which may lead to deglucosylation of mogrosides.

The type of host cell can vary. For example, the host cell can be selected from a group consisting of Agaricus, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Candida, corynebacterium, Escherichia, Fusarium/Gibberella, Kluyveromyces, Laetiporus, Lentinus, Phaffia, Phanerochaete, Pichia, Physcomitrella, Rhodoturula, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Sphaceloma, Xanthophyllomyces, Yarrowia, Lentinus tigrinus, Laetiporus sulphureus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pichia pastoris, Physcomitrella patens, Rhodoturula glutinis, Rhodoturula mucilaginosa, Phaffia rhodozyma, Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, Fusarium fujikuroi/Gibberella fujikuroi, Candida utilis, Yarrowia lipolytica, Siraitia, Momordica, Gynostemma, Cucurbita, Cucumis, Arabidopsis, Artemisia, Stevia, Panax, Withania, Euphorbia, Medicago, Chlorophytum, Eleutherococcus, Aralia, Morus, Medicago, Betula, Astragalus, Jatropha, Camellia, Hypholoma, Aspergillus, Solanum, Huperzia, Pseudostellaria, Corchorus, Hedera, Marchantia, and Morus, Trichophyton, Sanghuangporus, Taiwanofungus, Moniliophthora, Marssonina, Diplodia, Lentinula, Xanthophyllomyces, Pochonia, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Sanghuangporus, Aureobasidium, Pochonia, Penicillium, Sporothrix, Metarhizium, Aspergillus, Yarrowia, Lipomyces, Aspergillus nidulans, Yarrowia lipolytica, Rhodosporin toruloides, Candida, Sacccharaomyces, Saccharomycotina, Taphrinomycotina, Schizosaccharomycetes, Komagataella, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Tremellomycetes, Pucciniomycotina, Aureobasidium, Coniochaeta, Rhodosporidium, and Microboryomycetes, Gibberella fujikuroi, Kluyveromyces lactis, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and Rhodobacter capsulatus. Methods to enhance product yield have been described, for example, in S. cerevisiae. Methods are known for making recombinant microorganisms.

Methods to prepare recombinant host cells from Aspergillus spp. is described in WO2014086842, incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. Nucleotide sequences of the genomes can be obtained through gene data libraries available publicly and can allow for rational design and modifications of the pathways to enhance and improve product yield.

“Culture media” as described herein, can be a nutrient rich broth for the growth and maintenance of cells during their production phase. A yeast culture for maintaining and propagating various strains, can require specific formulations of complex media for use in cloning and protein expression, and can be appreciated by those of skill in the art. Commercially available culture media can be used from ThermoFisher for example. The media can be YPD broth or can have a yeast nitrogen base. Yeast can be grown in YPD or synthetic media at 30° C.

Lysogeny broth (LB) is typically used for bacterial cells. The bacterial cells used for growth of the enzymes and mogrosides can have antibiotic resistance to prevent the growth of other cells in the culture media and contamination. The cells can have an antibiotic gene cassettes for resistance to antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, penicillin, kanamycin and ampicillin, for example.

As described herein, a “fusion protein” is a protein created through the joining of two or more nucleic acid sequences that originally coded for a portion or entire amino acid sequence of separate proteins. For example, a fusion protein can contain a functional protein (e.g., an enzyme (including, but not limited to, cucurbitadienol synthase)) and one or more fusion domains. A fusion domain, as describe herein, can be a full length or a portion/fragment of a protein (e.g., a functional protein including but not limited to, an enzyme, a transcription factor, a toxin, and translation factor). The location of the one or more fusion domains in the fusion protein can vary. For example, the one or more fusion domains can be at the N- and/or C-terminal regions (e.g., N- and/or C-termini) of the fusion protein. The one or more fusion domains can also be at the central region of the fusion protein. The fusion domain is not required to be located at the terminus of the fusion protein. A fusion domain can be selected so as to confer a desired property. For example, a fusion domain may affect (e.g., increase or decrease) the enzymatic activity of an enzyme that it is fused to, or affect (e.g., increase or decrease) the stability of a protein that it is fused to. A fusion domain may be a multimerizing (e.g., dimerizing and tetramerizing) domain and/or functional domains. In some embodiments, the fusion domain may enhance or decrease the multimerization of the protein that it is fused to. As a non-limiting example, a fusion protein can contain a full length protein A and a fusion domain fused to the N-terminal region and/or C-terminal region of the full length protein A. In some examples, a fusion protein contains a partial sequence of protein A and a fusion domain fused to the N-terminal region and/or C-terminal region (e.g., the N-terminus and C-terminus) of the partial sequence of protein A. The fusion domain can be, for example, a portion or the entire sequence of protein A, or a portion or the entire sequence of a protein different from protein A. In some embodiments, one or more of the enzymes suitable for use in the methods, systems and compositions disclosed herein can be a fusion protein. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99% sequence identity to one of the nucleic acid sequences listed in Table 1. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprise an amino acid sequence having at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99% sequence identity to one of the amino acid sequences listed in Table 1. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises an amino acid protein sequence having at least 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99% sequence identity to one of the amino acid sequences listed in Table 1, and a fusion domain at N-, C-, or both terminal regions of the fusion protein. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises one of the amino acid protein sequences listed in Table 1, and a fusion domain located at N-, C-, or both terminal regions of the fusion protein.

The length of the fusion domain can vary, for example, from 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, or a range between any of these two numbers, amino acids. In some embodiments, the fusion domain is about 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, or a range between any two of these numbers, amino acids in length. In some embodiments, the fusion domain is a substantial portion or the entire sequence of a functional protein (for example, an enzyme, a transcription factor, or a translation factor). In some embodiments, the fusion protein is a protein having cucurbitadienol synthase activity.

Optimizing cell growth and protein expression techniques in culture media are also contemplated. For growth in culture media, cells such as yeast can be sensitive to low pH (Narendranath et al., Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 May; 71(5): 2239-2243; incorporated by reference in its entirety). During growth, yeast must maintain a constant intracellular pH. There are many enzymes functioning within the yeast cell during growth and metabolism. Each enzyme works best at its optimal pH, which is acidic because of the acidophilic nature of the yeast itself. When the extracellular pH deviates from the optimal level, the yeast cell needs to invest energy to either pump in or pump out hydrogen ions in order to maintain the optimal intracellular pH. As such media containing buffers to control for the pH would be optimal. Alternatively, the cells can also be transferred into a new media if the monitored pH is high.

Growth optimization of bacterial and yeast cells can also be achieved by the addition of nutrients and supplements into a culture media. Alternatively, the cultures can be grown in a fermenter designed for temperature, pH control and controlled aeration rates. Dissolved oxygen and nitrogen can flowed into the media as necessary.

The term “Operably linked” as used herein refers to functional linkage between a regulatory sequence and a heterologous nucleic acid sequence resulting in expression of the latter.

“Mogrosides” and “mogroside compounds” are used interchangeably herein and refer to a family of triterpene glycosides. Non-limiting exemplary examples of mogrosides include such as Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III, which have been identified from the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) that are responsible for the sweetness of the fruits. In the embodiments herein, mogroside intermediates can be used in the in vivo, ex vivo, or in vitro production of Compound 1 having the structure of:

In some embodiments, a recombinant cell for producing Compound 1, further produces mogrosides and comprises genes encoding enzymes for the production of mogrosides. Recombinant cells capable of the production of mogrosides are further described in WO2014086842, incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. In some embodiments, the recombinant cell is grown in a media to allow expression of the enzymes and production of Compound 1 and mogroside intermediates. In some embodiments, Compound 1 is obtained by lysing the cell with shear force (i.e. French press cell or sonication) or by detergent lysing methods. In some embodiments, the cells are supplemented in the growth media with precursor molecules such as mogrol to boost production of Compound 1.

“Promoter” as used herein refers to a nucleotide sequence that directs the transcription of a structural gene. In some alternatives, a promoter is located in the 5′ non-coding region of a gene, proximal to the transcriptional start site of a structural gene. Sequence elements within promoters that function in the initiation of transcription are often characterized by consensus nucleotide sequences. Without being limiting, these promoter elements can include RNA polymerase binding sites, TATA sequences, CAAT sequences, differentiation-specific elements (DSEs; McGehee et al., Mol. Endocrinol. 7:551 (1993); hereby expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety), cyclic AMP response elements (CREs), serum response elements (SREs; Treisman et al., Seminars in Cancer Biol. 1:47 (1990); incorporated by reference in its entirety), glucocorticoid response elements (GREs), and binding sites for other transcription factors, such as CRE/ATF (O'Reilly et al., J. Biol. Chem. 267:19938 (1992); incorporated by reference in its entirety), AP2 (Ye et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269:25728 (1994); incorporated by reference in its entirety), SP1, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB; Loeken et al., Gene Expr. 3:253 (1993); hereby expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety) and octamer factors (see, in general, Watson et al., eds., Molecular Biology of the Gene, 4th ed. (The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. 1987; incorporated by reference in its entirety)), and Lemaigre and Rousseau, Biochem. J. 303:1 (1994); incorporated by reference in its entirety). As used herein, a promoter can be constitutively active, repressible or inducible. If a promoter is an inducible promoter, then the rate of transcription increases in response to an inducing agent. In contrast, the rate of transcription is not regulated by an inducing agent if the promoter is a constitutive promoter.

A “ribosome skip sequence” as described herein refers to a sequence that during translation, forces the ribosome to “skip” the ribosome skip sequence and translate the region after the ribosome skip sequence without formation of a peptide bond. Several viruses, for example, have ribosome skip sequences that allow sequential translation of several proteins on a single nucleic acid without having the proteins linked via a peptide bond. As described herein, this is the “linker” sequence. In some alternatives of the nucleic acids provided herein, the nucleic acids comprise a ribosome skip sequence between the sequences for the genes for the enzymes described herein, such that the proteins are co-expressed and not linked by a peptide bond. In some alternatives, the ribosome skip sequence is a P2A, T2A, E2A or F2A sequence. In some alternatives, the ribosome skip sequence is a T2A sequence.

Compound 1

As disclosed herein, Compound 1 is a compound having the structure of:

or a salt thereof.

Compound 1 is a high-intensity sweetener the can be used in a wide variety of products in which a sweet taste is desired. Compound 1 provides a low-calorie advantage to other sweeteners such as sucrose or fructose.

In some embodiments, Compound 1 is in an isolated and purified form. In some embodiments, Compound 1 is present in a composition in which Compound 1 is substantially purified.

In some embodiments, Compound 1 or salts thereof are isolated and is in solid form. In some embodiments, the solid form is amorphous. In some embodiments, the solid form is crystalline. In some embodiments, the compound is in the form of a lyophile. In some embodiments, Compound 1 is isolated and within a buffer.

The skilled artisan will recognize that some structures described herein may be resonance forms or tautomers of compounds that may be fairly represented by other chemical structures, even when kinetically; the artisan recognizes that such structures may only represent a very small portion of a sample of such compound(s). Such compounds are considered within the scope of the structures depicted, though such resonance forms or tautomers are not represented herein.

Isotopes may be present in Compound 1. Each chemical element as represented in a compound structure may include any isotope of said element. For example, in a compound structure a hydrogen atom may be explicitly disclosed or understood to be present in the compound. At any position of the compound that a hydrogen atom may be present, the hydrogen atom can be any isotope of hydrogen, including but not limited to hydrogen-1 (protium) and hydrogen-2 (deuterium). Thus, reference herein to a compound encompasses all potential isotopic forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In some embodiments, compounds described herein are enriched in one or more isotopes relative to the natural prevalence of such isotopes. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are enriched in deuterium. In some embodiments, greater than 0.0312% of hydrogen atoms in the compounds described herein are deuterium. In some embodiments, greater than 0.05%, 0.08%, or 0.1% of hydrogen atoms in the compounds described herein are deuterium.

In some embodiments, Compound 1 is capable of forming acid and/or base salts by virtue of the presence of amino and/or carboxyl groups or groups similar thereto.

In some embodiments, Compound 1 is substantially isolated. In some embodiments, Compound 1 is substantially purified. In some embodiments, the compound is in the form of a lyophile. In some embodiments, the compound is crystalline. In some embodiments, the compound is amorphous.

Production Compositions

In some embodiments, the production composition contains none, or less than a certain amount, of undesirable compounds. In some embodiments, the composition contains, or does not contain, one or more isomers of Mogroside I, Mogroside II, and Mogroside III. In some embodiments, the composition contains a weight percent of less than 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.1%, 800 ppm, 500 ppm, 200 ppm, or 100 ppm of all isomers of Mogroside I, Mogroside II, and Mogroside III. In some embodiments, the composition contains, or does not contain, one or more of Mogroside IIIE, 11-oxo-Mogroside IIIE, Mogroside IIIA2, Mogroside IE, Mogroside IIE, and 11-oxo-mogrol. In some embodiments, the composition contains a weight percent of less than 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.1%, 800 ppm, 500 ppm, 200 ppm, or 100 ppm of one or more of Mogroside IIIE, 11-oxo-Mogroside IIIE, Mogroside IIIA2, Mogroside IE, Mogroside IIE, and 11-oxo-mogrol. In some embodiments, the composition contains a weight percent of less than 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.1%, 800 ppm, 500 ppm, 200 ppm, or 100 ppm of Mogroside IIIE. In some embodiments, the composition contains a weight percent of less than 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.1%, 800 ppm, 500 ppm, 200 ppm, or 100 ppm of 11-oxo-Mogroside IIIE. In some embodiments, the composition contains a weight percent of less than 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.1%, 800 ppm, 500 ppm, 200 ppm, or 100 ppm of 11-oxo-mogrol.

In some embodiments, the production composition is in solid form, which may by crystalline or amorphous. In some embodiments, the composition is in particulate form. The solid form of the composition may be produced using any suitable technique, including but not limited to re-crystallization, filtration, solvent evaporation, grinding, milling, spray drying, spray agglomeration, fluid bed agglomeration, wet or dry granulation, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, a flowable particulate composition is provided to facilitate use in further food manufacturing processes. In some such embodiments, a particle size between 50 μm and 300 μm, between 80 μm and 200 μm, or between 80 μm and 150 μm is generated.

Some embodiments provide a production composition comprising Compound 1 that is in solution form. For example, in some embodiments a solution produced by one of the production processes described herein is used without further purification. In some embodiments, the concentration of Compound 1 in the solution is greater than 300 ppm, 500 ppm, 800 ppm, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, or 20% by weight. In some embodiments, the concentration of all isomers of Mogroside I, Mogroside II, and Mogroside III is less than 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.1%, 800 ppm, 500 ppm, 200 ppm, or 100 ppm. In some embodiments, the concentration of one or more of Mogroside IIIE, 11-oxo-Mogroside IIIE, Mogroside IIIA2, Mogroside IE, Mogroside IIE, and 11-oxo-mogrol in the production composition is less than 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.1%, 800 ppm, 500 ppm, 200 ppm, 100 ppm, 50 ppm, 30 ppm, 20 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 1 ppm, or 0.1 ppm of one or more of Mogroside IIIE, 11-oxo-Mogroside IIIE, Mogroside IIIA2, Mogroside IE, Mogroside IIE, and 11-oxo-mogrol. In some embodiments, the concentration of Mogroside IIIE is less than 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.1%, 800 ppm, 500 ppm, 200 ppm, 100 ppm, 50 ppm, 30 ppm, 20 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 1 ppm, or 0.1 ppm. In some embodiments, the concentration of 11-oxo-Mogroside IIIE is less than 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.1%, 800 ppm, 500 ppm, 200 ppm, 100 ppm, 50 ppm, 30 ppm, 20 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 1 ppm, or 0.1 ppm. In some embodiments, the concentration of 11-oxo-mogrol is less than 5%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.1%, 800 ppm, 500 ppm, 200 ppm, 100 ppm, 50 ppm, 30 ppm, 20 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 1 ppm, or 0.1 ppm.

Methods of Producing Compound 1 and Intermediate Mogroside Compounds

In some embodiments, Compound 1 is produced by contact of various starting and/or intermediate compounds with one or more enzymes. The contact can be in vivo (e.g., in a recombinant cell) or in vitro. The starting and intermediate compounds for producing Compound 1 can include, but are not limited to, Mogroside V, Mogroside IIE, Mogroside III_(E), Siamenoside I, Mogroside VI isomer, Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside IV_(E), or Mogroside IV_(A).

In some embodiments, Compound 1 as disclosed herein is produced in recombinant host cells in vivo as described herein or by modification of these methods. Ways of modifying the methodology include, among others, temperature, solvent, reagents etc., known to those skilled in the art. The methods shown and described herein are illustrative only and are not intended, nor are they to be construed, to limit the scope of the claims in any manner whatsoever. Those skilled in the art will be able to recognize modifications of the disclosed methods and to devise alternate routes based on the disclosures herein; all such modifications and alternate routes are within the scope of the claims.

In some embodiments, Compound 1 disclosed herein is obtained by purification and/or isolation from a recombinant bacterial cell, yeast cell, plant cell, or insect cell. In some embodiments, the recombinant cell is from Siraitia grosvenorii. In some such embodiments, an extract obtained from Siraitia grosvenorii may be fractionated using a suitable purification technique. In some embodiments, the extract is fractionated using HPLC and the appropriate fraction is collected to obtain the desired compound in isolated and purified form.

In some embodiments, Compound 1 is produced by enzymatic modification of a compound isolated from Siraitia grosvenorii. For example, in some embodiments, Compound 1 isolated from Siraitia grosvenorii is contacted with one or more enzymes to obtain the desired compounds. The contact can be in vivo (e.g., in a recombinant cell) or in vitro. The starting and intermediate compounds for producing Compound 1 can include, but are not limited to, Mogroside V, Mogroside IIE, Mogroside III_(E), Siamenoside I, Mogroside VI isomer, Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside IV_(E), or Mogroside IV_(A). One or more of these compounds can be made in vivo. Enzymes suitable for use to generate compounds described herein can include, but are not limited to, a pectinase, a β-galactosidase (e.g., Aromase), a cellulase (e.g., Celluclast), a clyclomatlodextrin glucanotransferase (e.g., Toruzyme), an invertase, a glucotransferase (e.g., UGT76G1), a dextransucrase, a lactase, an arabanse, a xylanase, a hemicellulose, an amylase, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the enzyme is a Toruzyme comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO: 89-94.

Some embodiments provide a method of making Compound 1,

the method comprises fractionating an extract of Siraitia grosvenorii on an HPLC column and collecting an eluted fraction comprising Compound 1.

Some embodiments provide a method of making Compound 1,

wherein the method comprises treating Mogroside III_(E) with the glucose transferase enzyme UGT76G1. In some embodiments, UGT76G1 is encoded by a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 440. In some embodiments, UGT76G1 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 439.

Various mogroside compounds can be used as intermediate compounds for producing Compound 1. A non-limiting example of such mogroside compounds is Compound 3 having the structure of:

In some embodiments, a method for producing Compound 3 comprises contacting mogroside III_(E) with a cell (e.g., a recombinant host cell) that expresses one or more cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases. In some embodiments, the cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 95.

Various mogroside compounds can be used as intermediate compounds for producing Compound 1. One non-limiting example of such mogroside compounds is Compound 12 having the structure of:

In some embodiments, a method for producing Compound 12 comprises contacting mogroside VI with a cell (e.g., a recombinant host cell) that expresses one or more invertase.

Various mogroside compounds can be used as intermediate compounds for producing Compound 1. One non-limiting example of such mogroside compounds is Compound 5 having the structure of:

In some embodiments, a method for producing Compound 5 comprises contacting mogroside III_(E) with a cell (e.g., a recombinant host cell) that expresses one or more cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase. In some embodiments, the method is performed in the presence of starch.

Various mogroside compounds can be used as intermediate compounds for producing Compound 1. One non-limiting example of such mogroside compounds is Compound 4 having the structure of:

In some embodiments, a method for producing Compound 4 comprises contacting mogroside III_(E) with a cell (e.g., a recombinant host cell) that expresses one or more cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase. In some embodiments, the method is performed in the presence of starch.

Hydrolysis of Hyper-Glycosylated Mogrosides

In some embodiments, one or more hyper-glycosylated mogrosides are hydrolyzed to Mogroside III_(E) by contact with one or more hydrolase enzymes. In some embodiments, the hyper-glycosylated mogrosides are selected from a mogroside IV, a mogroside V, a mogroside VI, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the hyper-glycosylated mogrosides are selected from Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), and combinations thereof.

It has been surprisingly discovered that Compound 1 displays tolerance to hydrolysis by certain hydrolyzing enzymes, even though such enzymes display capabilities of hydrolyzing hyper-glycosylated mogrosides to Mogroside IIIE. The alpha-linked glycoside present in Compound 1 provides a unique advantage over other mogrosides (e.g., beta-linked glycosides) due to its tolerance to hydrolysis. In some embodiments, during microbial production of Compound 1, the microbial host will hydrolyze unwanted beta-linked mogrosides back to Mogroside IIIE. This will improve the purity of Compound 1 due to the following: 1) Reduction of unwanted Mogroside VI, Mogroside V, and Mogroside IV levels, 2) The hydrolysis will increase the amount of Mogroside IIIE available to be used as a precursor for production of Compound 1.

FIG. 38 illustrates the production of hyper-glycosylated mogrosides through glycosolation enzymes, which may then be hydrolyzed back to Mogroside IIIE. The result is a mixture of mogrosides with a lower than desirable yield of hyper-glycosylated mogrosides. The hydrolase enzymes can be removed, but a mixture of mogrosides are still obtained and the lifespan of the producing organism may be reduced. However, because Compound 1 is resistant to hydrolysis, the hydrolysis can be used to drive hyper-glycosylated mogrosides to Mogroside IIIE, which can then be converted to Compound 1 (as shown in FIG. 39).

In some embodiments, the hydrolase is a β-glucan hydrolase. In some embodiments, the hydrolase is EXG1. The EXG1 protein can comprise an amino acid sequence having at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1013 or 1014. In some embodiments, the EXG1 protein comprises, or consists of, an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1013 or 1014. In some embodiments, the hydrolase is EXG2. The EXG2 protein can comprise an amino acid sequence having at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1023. In some embodiments, the EXG2 protein comprises, or consists of, an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1023. The hydrolase can be, for example, any one of the hydrolases disclosed herein.

Production of Compound 1 from Mogroside IIIE

Compound 1 can be produced from Mogroside IIIE by contact with one or more enzymes capable of converting Mogroside IIIE to Compound 1. In some embodiments, the enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Compound 1 is one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases), glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

In some embodiments, the enzyme capable of catalyzing the production of Compound 1 is a CGTase. In some embodiments, the CGTase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 148, and 154. In some embodiments, the CGTase comprises, or consists of, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 148, and 154. In some embodiments, the enzyme capable of catalyzing the production of Compound 1 is a dextransucrase. In some embodiments, the dextransucrase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity y to the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 103, 106-110, 156 and 896. In some embodiments, the dextransucrase comprises, or consists of, an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 103, 106-110, 156 and 896. In some embodiments, the dextransucrase is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 104, 105, 157, 158, and 895. In some embodiments, the dextransucrase is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising, or consisting of, any one of SEQ ID NOs: 104, 105, 157, 158, and 895. In some embodiments, the enzyme capable of catalyzing the production of Compound 1 is a transglucosidase. In some embodiments, the transglucosidase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 163-290 and 723. In some embodiments, the transglucosidase comprises, or consists of, an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 163-292 and 723. Parameters for determining the percent sequence identity can be performed with ClustalW software of by Blast searched (ncbi.nih.gov). The use of these programs can determine conservation between protein homologues.

In some embodiments, the enzyme capable of catalyzing the production of Compound 1 is a uridine diphosphate-glucosyl transferase (UGT). The UGT can comprise, for example, an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4-9, 15-19, 125, 126, 128, 129, 293-307, 407, 409, 411, 413, 439, 441, and 444. In some embodiments, UGT comprises, or consists of, the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4-9, 10-14, 125, 126, 128, 129, 293-304, 306, 407, 409, 411, 413, 439, 441, and 444. In some embodiments, the UGT is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to UGT1495 (SEQ ID NO: 10), UGT1817 (SEQ ID NO: 11), UGT5914 (SEQ ID NO: 12), UGT8468 (SEQ ID NO:13), UGT10391 (SEQ ID NO:14), and SEQ ID NOs: 116-124, 127, 130, 408, 410, 412, 414, 440, 442, 443, and 445. In some embodiments, the UGT is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising, consisting of, any one of the nucleic acid sequence of UGT1495 (SEQ ID NO: 10), UGT1817 (SEQ ID NO: 11), UGT5914 (SEQ ID NO: 12), UGT8468 (SEQ ID NO:13), UGT10391 (SEQ ID NO:14), SEQ ID NOs: 116-124, 127, 130, 408, 410, 412, 414, 440, 442, 443, and 445. In some embodiments, the enzyme can be UGT98 or UGT SK98. For example, as described herein, a recombinant host cell capable of producing Compound 1 can comprises a third gene encoding UGT98 and/or UGT SK98. In some embodiments, the UGT98 or UGT SK98 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9 or 16. In some embodiments, the UGT comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to UGT73C3 (SEQ ID NO: 4), UGT73C6 (SEQ ID NO: 5), UGT85C2 (SEQ ID NO: 6), UGT73C5 (SEQ ID NO: 7), UGT73E1 (SEQ ID NO: 8), UGT98 (SEQ ID NO: 9), UGT1576 (SEQ ID NO: 15), UGT SK98 (SEQ ID NO: 16), UGT430 (SEQ ID NO: 17), UGT1697 (SEQ ID NO: 18), and UGT11789 (SEQ ID NO: 19). In some embodiments, the UGT comprises, or consists of, an amino acid sequence of any one of UGT73C3 (SEQ ID NO: 4), UGT73C6 (SEQ ID NO: 5), 85C2 (SEQ ID NO: 6), UGT73C5 (SEQ ID NO: 7), UGT73E1 (SEQ ID NO: 8), UGT98 (SEQ ID NO: 9), UGT1576 (SEQ ID NO: 15), UGT SK98 (SEQ ID NO:16), UGT430 (SEQ ID NO:17), UGT1697 (SEQ ID NO: 18), and UGT11789 (SEQ ID NO:19). In some embodiments, the UGT is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% or more sequence identity to UGT1495 (SEQ ID NO: 10), UGT1817 (SEQ ID NO: 11), UGT5914 (SEQ ID NO: 12), UGT8468 (SEQ ID NO:13) or UGT10391 (SEQ ID NO: 14). In some embodiments, the UGT is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising, or consisting of, any one of the sequences of UGT1495 (SEQ ID NO: 10), UGT1817 (SEQ ID NO: 11), UGT5914 (SEQ ID NO: 12), UGT8468 (SEQ ID NO: 13), and UGT10391 (SEQ ID NO: 14). As disclosed herein, the enzyme capable of catalyzing the production of Compound 1 can comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or more sequence identity to any one of the UGT enzymes disclosed herein. Furthermore, a recombinant host cell capable of producing Compound 1 can comprises an enzyme comprising, or consisting of a sequence having at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or more sequence identity to any one of the UGT enzymes disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the recombinant host cell comprises an enzyme comprising, or consisting of a sequence of any one of the UGT enzymes disclosed herein.

In some embodiments, the method of producing Compound 1 comprises treating Mogroside III_(E) with the glucose transferase enzyme UGT76G1, for example the UGT76G1 of SEQ ID NO: 439 and the UGT76G1 encoded by the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 440.

Enzymes for the Production of Mogroside Compounds and Compound 1

As described herein, the enzymes of UDP glycosyltransferases, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases), glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases can comprise the amino acid sequences described in the table of sequences herein and can also be encoded by the nucleic acid sequences described in the Table of sequences. Additionally the enzymes can also include functional homologues with at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acid sequences described in the table of sequences. Parameters for determining the percent sequence identity can be performed with ClustalW software of by Blast searched (ncbi.nih.gov). The use of these programs can determine conservation between protein homologues.

In some embodiments, the transglucosidases comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 163-290 and 723. In some embodiments, the CGTase comprises, or consists of, an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, and 154. In some embodiments, the transglucosidases comprise an amino acid sequence or is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 163-290 and 723.

The methods herein also include incorporating genes into the recombinant cells for producing intermediates such as pyruvate, acetyl-coa, citrate, and other TCA intermediates (Citric acid cycle). Intermediates can be further used to produce mogroside compounds for producing Compound 1. Methods for increasing squalene content are described in Gruchattka et al. and Rodriguez et al. (PLoS One. 2015 Dec. 23; 10(12; Microb Cell Fact. 2016 Mar. 3; 15:48; incorporated by reference in their entireties herein).

Expression of enzymes to produce oxidosqualene and diepoxysqualene are further contemplated. The use of enzymes to produce oxidosqualene and diepoxysqualene can be used to boost squalene synthesis by the way of squalene synthase and/or squalene epoxidase. For example, Su et al. describe the gene encoding SgSQS, a 417 amino acid protein from Siraitia grosvenorii for squalene synthase (Biotechnol Lett. 2017 Mar. 28; incorporated by reference in its entirety herein). Genetically engineering the recombinant cell for expression of HMG CoA reductase is also useful for squalene synthesis (Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 September; 63(9):3341-4.; Front Plant Sci. 2011 Jun. 30; 2:25; FEBS J. 2008 April; 275(8):1852-9.; all incorporated by reference in their entireties herein. In some embodiments, the 2, 3-oxidosqualene or diepoxysqualene is produced by an enzyme comprising a sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 898 or 900. In some embodiments, the 2,3-oxidosqualene or diepoxysqualene is produced by an enzyme encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 897 or 899.

Expression of enzymes to produce cucurbitadienol/epoxycucurbitadienol are also contemplated. Examples of curubitadienol synthases from C. pepo, S. grosvenorii, C. sativus, C. melo, C. moschata, and C. maxim are contemplated for engineering into the recombinant cells by a vector for expression. Oxidosqualene cyclases for triterpene biosynthesis is also contemplated for expression in the recombinant cell, which would lead to the cyclization of an acyclic substrate into various polycyclic triterpenes which can also be used as intermediates for the production of Compound 1 (Org Biomol Chem. 2015 Jul. 14; 13(26):7331-6; incorporated by reference in its entirety herein).

Expression of enzymes that display epoxide hydrolase activities to make hydroxy-cucurbitadienols are also contemplated. In some embodiments herein, the recombinant cells for the production of Compound 1 further comprises genes that encode enzymes that display epoxide hydrolase activities to make hydroxy-cucurbitadienols are provided. Such enzymes are provided in Itkin et al. which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. The enzymes described in Itkin et al. are provided in Table 1, table of sequences, provided herein. Ikin et al., also describes enzymes for making key mogrosides, UGS families, glycosyltransferases and hydrolases that can be genetically modified for reverse reactions such as glycosylations.

The expression of enzymes in recombinant cells to that hydroxylate mogroside compounds to produce mogrol are also contemplated. These enzymes can include proteins of the CAZY family, UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, Glycotransferases, Dextransucrases, Cellulases, B-glucosidases, Transglucosidases, Pectinases, Dextranases, yeast and fungal hydrolyzing enzymes. Such enzymes can be used for example for hydrolyzing Mogroside V to Mogroside IIIE, in which Mogroside IIIE can be further processed to produce Compound 1, for example in vivo. In some embodiments, fungal lactases comprise an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to anyone of SEQ ID NO: 678-722.

In some embodiments, a mogrol precursor such as squalene or oxidosqualine, mogrol or mogroside is produced. The mogrol precursor can be used as a precursor in the production of Compound 1. Squalene can be produced from famesyl pyrophosphate using a squalene synthase, and oxidosqualene can be produced from squalene using a squalene epoxidase. The squalene synthase can be, for example, squalene synthase from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (protein accession number C4P9M2), a cucurbitaceae family plant. The squalene synthase can also comprise a squalene synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana (protein accession number C4P9M3), Brassica napus, Citrus macrophylla, Euphorbia tirucalli (protein accession number B9WZW7), Glycine max, Glycyrrhiza glabra (protein accession number Q42760, Q42761), Glycrrhiza uralensis (protein accession number D6QX40, D6QX41, D6QX42, D6QX43, D6QX44, D6QX45, D6QX47, D6QX39, D6QX55, D6QX38, D6QX53, D6QX37, D6QX35, B5AID5, B5AID4, B5AID3, C7EDDO, C6KE07, C6KE08, C7EDC9), Lotus japonicas (protein accession number Q84LE3), Medicago truncatula (protein accession number Q8GSL6), Pisum sativum, Ricinus communis (protein accession number B9RHC3). Various squalene synthases have described in WO 2016/050890, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Recombinant Host Cells

Any one of the enzymes disclosed herein can be produced in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo. For example, a nucleic acid sequence encoding the enzyme (including but not limited to any one of UGTs, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, celluases, beta-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, dextranases, cytochrome P450, epoxide hydrolases, cucurbitadienol synthases, squalene epoxidases, squalene synthases, hydrolases, and oxidosqualene cyclases) can introduced to a host recombinant cell, for example in the form of an expression vector containing the coding nucleic acid sequence, in vivo. The expression vectors can be introduced into the host cell by, for example, standard transformation techniques (e.g., heat transformation) or by transfection. The expression systems can produce the enzymes for mogroside and Compound 1 production, in order to produce Compound 1 in the cell in vivo. Useful expression systems include, but are not limited to, bacterial, yeast and insect cell systems. For example, insect cell systems can be infected with a recombinant virus expression system for expression of the enzymes of interest. In some embodiments, the genes are codon optimized for expression in a particular cell. In some embodiments, the genes are operably linked to a promoter to drive transcription and translation of the enzyme protein. As described herein, codon optimization can be obtained, and the optimized sequence can then be engineered into a vector for transforming a recombinant host cell.

Expression vectors can further comprise transcription or translation regulatory sequences, coding sequences for transcription or translation factors, or various promoters (e.g., GPD1 promoters) and/or enhancers, to promote transcription of a gene of interest in yeast cells.

The recombinant cells as described herein are, in some embodiments, genetically modified to produce Compound 1 in vivo. Additionally, a cell can be fed a mogrol precursor or mogroside precursor during cell growth or after cell growth to boost rate of the production of a particular intermediate for the pathway for producing Compound 1 in vivo. The cell can be in suspension or immobilized. The cell can be in fermentation broth or in a reaction buffer. In some embodiments, a permeabilizing agent is used for transfer of a mogrol precursor or mogroside precursor into a cell. In some embodiments, a mogrol precursor or mogroside precursor can be provided in a purified form or as part of a composition or an extract.

The recombinant host cell can be, for example a plant, bivalve, fish, fungus, bacteria or mammalian cell. For example, the plant can be selected from Siraitia, Momordica, Gynostemma, Cucurbita, Cucumis, Arabidopsis, Artemisia, Stevia, Panax, Withania, Euphorbia, Medicago, Chlorophytum, Eleutherococcus, Aralia, Morus, Medicago, Betula, Astragalus, Jatropha, Camellia, Hypholoma, Aspergillus, Solanum, Huperzia, Pseudostellaria, Corchorus, Hedera, Marchantia, and Morus. The fungus can be selected from Trichophyton, Sanghuangporus, Taiwanofungus, Moniliophthora, Marssonina, Diplodia, Lentinula, Xanthophyllomyces, Pochonia, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Sanghuangporus, Aureobasidium, Pochonia, Penicillium, Sporothrix, Metarhizium, Aspergillus, Yarrowia, and Lipomyces. In some embodiments, the fungus is Aspergillus nidulans, Yarrowia lipolytica, or Rhodosporin toruloides. In some embodiments, the recombinant host cell is a yeast cell. In some embodiments, the yeast is selected from Candida, Sacccharaomyces, Saccharomycotina, Taphrinomycotina, Schizosaccharomycetes, Komagataella, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Tremellomycetes, Pucciniomycotina, Aureobasidium, Coniochaeta, Rhodosporidium, Yarrowia, and Microboryomycetes. In some embodiments, the bacteria is selected from Frankia, Actinobacteria, Streptomyces, and Enterococcus. In some embodiments, the bacteria is Enterococcus faecalis.

In some embodiments, the recombinant genes are codon optimized for expression in a bacterial, mammalian, plant, fungal or insect cell. In some embodiments, one or more of genes comprises a functional mutation to increased activity of the encoded enzyme. In some embodiments, cultivating the recombinant host cell comprises monitoring the cultivating for pH, dissolved oxygen level, nitrogen level, or a combination thereof of the cultivating conditions.

Producing Mogrol from Squalene

Some embodiments of the method of producing Compound 1 comprises producing an intermediate for use in the production of Compound 1. The compound having the structure of:

is produced in vivo in a recombinant host. In some embodiments, the compound is in the recombinant host cell, is secreted into the medium in which the recombinant cell is growing, or both. In some embodiments, the recombinant cell further produces intermediates such as mogroside compounds in vivo. The recombinant cell can be grown in a culture medium, under conditions in which the genes disclosed herein are expressed. Some embodiments of methods of growing the cell are described herein.

In some embodiments, the intermediate is, or comprises, at least one of squalene, oxidosqualene, curubitadienol, mogrol and mogrosides. In some embodiments, the mogroside is Mogroside IIE. As described herein, mogrosides are a family of glycosides that can be naturally isolated from a plant or a fruit, for example. As contemplated herein, the mogrosides can be produced by a recombinant host cell.

In some alternatives of the methods described herein, the recombinant host cell comprises a polynucleotide or a sequence comprising one or more of the following:

a gene encoding squalene epoxidase;

a gene encoding cucurbitadienol synthase;

a gene encoding cytochrome P450;

a gene encoding cytochrome P450 reductase; and

a gene encoding epoxide hydrolase.

In some embodiments, the squalene epoxidase comprises a sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 54. In some embodiments, the squalene epoxidase comprises a sequence from Arabidopsis thaliana (the protein accession numbers: Q9SM02, 065403, 065402, 065404, 081000, or Q9T064), Brassica napus (protein accession number 10 065727, 065726), Euphorbia tirucalli (protein accession number A7VJN1), Medicago truncatula (protein accession number Q8GSM8, Q8GSM9), Pisum sativum, and Ricinus communis (protein accession number B9R6VO, B9S7W5, B9S6Y2, B9TOY3, B9S7TO, B9SX91) and functional homologues of any of the aforementioned sharing at least 70%, such as at least 80%, for example at least 90%, such as at least 95%, for example at least 98% sequence identity therewith. In some embodiments, the squalene epoxidase comprises, or consists of an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 50-56, 60, 61, 334 or 335.

In some embodiments, the cell comprises genes encoding ERG7 (lanosterol synthase). In some embodiments, lanosterol synthase comprises a sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 111. In some embodiments, the P450 polypeptide is encoded in genes comprising a sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of Claims: 31-48. In some embodiments, the sequences can be separated by ribosome skip sequences to produce separated proteins.

In some embodiments, the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding a polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity. In some embodiments, the polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity comprises an amino acid sequence as set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327-333, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904, and 906. In some embodiments, the polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity comprises a sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327-333, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904 and 906. In some embodiments, the polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity comprises a C-terminal portion comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 73. In some embodiments, the gene encoding the polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity is codon optimized. In some embodiments, the codon optimized gene comprises the nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 74.

In some embodiments, the polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity is a fusion polypeptide comprising a fusion domain fused to a cucurbitadienol synthase. The fusion domain can be fused to, for example, N-terminus or C-terminus of a cucurbitadienol synthase. The fusion domain can be located, for example, at the N-terminal region or the C-terminal region of the fusion polypeptide. The length of the fusion domain can vary. For example, the fusion domain can be, or be about, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1500, 2000, or a range between any two of these numbers amino acids long. In some embodiments, the fusion domain is 3 to 1000 amino acids long. In some embodiments, the fusion domain is 5 to 50 amino acids long. In some embodiments, the fusion domain comprises a substantial portion or the entire sequence of a functional protein. In some embodiments, the fusion domain comprises a portion or the entire sequence of a yeast protein. For example, the fusion polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity can comprise an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 851, 854, 856, 1024, 859, 862, 865, 867, 915, 920, 924, 928, 932, 936, 940, 944, 948, 952, 956, 959, 964, 967, 971, 975, 979, 983, 987, 991, 995, 999, 1003, 1007, and 1011. In some embodiments, the fusion polypeptide comprises, or consists of, an amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 851, 854, 856, 1024, 859, 862, 865, 867, 915, 920, 924, 928, 932, 936, 940, 944, 948, 952, 956, 959, 964, 967, 971, 975, 979, 983, 987, 991, 995, 999, 1003, 1007, and 1011. In some embodiments, the fusion domain of the fusion polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 866, 870, 917, 921, 925, 929, 933, 937, 941, 945, 949, 953, 957, 961, 968, 972, 976, 980, 984, 988, 992, 996, 1000, 1004, 1008, and 1012. In some embodiments, the fusion domain of the fusion polypeptide comprises, or consists of, an amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 866, 870, 917, 921, 925, 929, 933, 937, 941, 945, 949, 953, 957, 961, 968, 972, 976, 980, 984, 988, 992, 996, 1000, 1004, 1008, and 1012. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase fused with the fusion domain comprises an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327, 329-333, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904, and 906. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase fused with the fusion domain comprises, or consists of, an amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327, 329-333, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904, and 906. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase fused with the fusion domain is encoded by a gene comprising a nucleic acid sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 74, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 418, 421, 423, 425, 427, 897, 899, 901, 903, and 905. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase fused with the fusion domain is encoded by a gene comprising, or consists of, a nucleic acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 74, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 418, 421, 423, 425, 427, 897, 899, 901, 903, and 905. Disclosed herein include a recombinant nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a fusion polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity. Also disclosed include a recombinant cell comprising a fusion polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity or a recombinant nucleic acid molecule encoding the fusion polypeptide.

The fusion polypeptides having cucurbitadienol synthase activity disclosed herein can be used to catalyze enzymatic reactions as cucurbitadienol synthases. For example, a substrate for cucurbitadienol synthase can be contacted with one or more of these fusion polypeptide to produce reaction products. Non-limiting examples of the reaction product include cucurbitadienol, 24,25-epoxy cucurbitadienol, and any combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of the substrate for cucurbitadienol synthase include 2,3-oxidosqualene, dioxidosqualene, diepoxysqualene, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the substrate can be contacted with a recombinant host cell which comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding one or more fusion polypeptides having cucurbitadienol synthase activity. The substrate can be provided to the recombinant host cells, present in the recombinant host cell, produced by the recombinant host cell, or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the cytochrome P450 is a CYP5491. In some embodiments, the cytochrome P540 comprises an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 44 and/or SEQ ID NO:74. In some embodiments, the P450 reductase polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having, or having at least, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 46. In some embodiments, the P450 polypeptide is encoded by a gene comprising a sequence having, or having at least, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100% or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 31-48, 316, 431, 871, 873, 875, 877, 879, 881, 883, 885, 887, and 891.

In some embodiments, the epoxide hydrolase comprises an sequence having, or having at least, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 38 or 40. In some embodiments, the epoxide hydrolase comprises, or consists of, the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38 or 40.

Some Methods of Producing Squalene for Mogrol Production

Squalene is a natural 30 carbon organic molecule that can be produced in plants and animals and is a biochemical precursor to the family of steroids. Additionally, squalene can be used as precursor in mogrol syntheses in vivo in a host recombinant cell. Oxidation (via squalene monooxygenase) of one of the terminal double bonds of squalene yields 2,3-squalene oxide, which undergoes enzyme-catalyzed cyclization to afford lanosterol, which is then elaborated into cholesterol and other steroids. As described in Gruchattka et al. (“In Vivo Validation of In Silico Predicted Metabolic Engineering Strategies in Yeast: Disruption of α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase and Expression of ATP-Citrate Lyase for Terpenoid Production.” PLOS ONE Dec. 23, 2015; incorporated by reference in its entirety herein), synthesis of squalene can occur initially from precursors of the glycolysis cycle to produce squalene. Squalene in turn can be upregulated by the overexpression of ATP-citrate lyase to increase the production of squalene. Some embodiments disclosed herein include enzymes for producing squalene and/or boosting the production of squalene in recombinant host cells, for example recombinant yeast cells. ATP citrate lyase can also mediate acetyl CoA synthesis which can be used for squalene and mevalonate production, which was seen in yeast, S. cerevisiae (Rodrigues et al. “ATP citrate lyase mediated cytosolic acetyl-CoA biosynthesis increases mevalonate production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae” Microb Cell Fact. 2016; 15: 48.; incorporated by reference in its entirety). On example of the gene encoding an enzyme for mediating the acetyl CoA synthesis is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 130. In some embodiments herein, the recombinant cell comprises sequences for mediating acetyl CoA synthesis.

Some embodiments disclosed herein provide methods for producing Compound 1 having the structure of:

In some embodiments, the methods further comprises producing intermediates in the pathway for the production of compound 1 in vivo. In some embodiments, the recombinant host cell that produces Compound 1 comprises at least one enzyme capable for converting dioxidosqualene to produce 24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol, converting oxidosqualene to cucurbitadienol, catalyzing the hydroxylation of 24,25, epoxy cucurbitadienol to 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol, enzyme for catalyzing the hydroxylation of cucurbitadienol to 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol, enzyme for the epoxidation of cucurbitadienol to 24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol, enzymes capable of catalyzing epoxidation of 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol to produce 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol, enzymes for the conversion of 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol to 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol, enzymes for catalyzing the conversion of 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol to produce mogrol and/or enzymes for catalyzing the glycosylation of a mogroside precursor to produce a mogroside compound. In some embodiments, the enzyme for glycosylation is encoded by a sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 121, 122, 123, and 124.

In some embodiments, the enzyme for catalyzing the hydroxylation of 24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol to form 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol is CYP5491. In some embodiments, the CYP5491 comprises a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 49. In some embodiments, the squalene epoxidase comprises a sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54.

In some embodiments, the enzyme capable of epoxidation of 11-hydroxycucurbitadienol comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 74.

In some alternatives, the recombinant cell comprises genes for expression of enzymes capable of converting dioxidosqualent to 24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol, converting oxidosqualene to cucurbitadienol, hydroxylation of 24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol to 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol, hydroxylation of cucurbitadienol to produce 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol, epoxidation of cucurbitadienol to produce 24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol, and/or epoxidation of 11-hydroxycucurbitadienol to produce 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol. In these embodiments herein, the intermediates and mogrosides are produced in vivo.

In some embodiments, a method of producing Compound 1 further comprises producing one or more of mogroside compounds and intermediates, such as oxidosqualene, dioxidosqualene, cucurbitadienol, 24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol, 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol, 11-hydroxy 24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol, mogrol, and mogroside compounds.

Methods for the Production of Mogroside Compounds

Described herein include methods of producing a mogroside compound, for example, one of the mogroside compounds described in WO2014086842 (incorporated by reference in its entirety herein). The mogroside compound can be used as an intermediate by a cell to further produce Compound 1 disclosed herein.

Recombinant hosts such as microorganisms, plant cells, or plants can be used to express polypeptides useful for the biosynthesis of mogrol (the triterpene core) and various mogrol glycosides (mogrosides).

In some embodiments, the production method can comprise one or more of the following steps in any orders:

(1) enhancing levels of oxido-squalene

(2) enhancing levels of dioxido-squalene

(3) Oxido-squalene->cucurbitadienol

(4) Dioxido-squalene->24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol

(5) Cucurbitadienol->11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol

(6) 24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol->11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol

(7) 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol->mogrol

(8) 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol->mogrol

(9) mogrol->various mogroside compounds.

In the embodiments herein, the oxido-squalene, dioxido-squalene, cucurbitadienol, 24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol or mogrol may be also produced by the recombinant cell. The method can include growing the recombinant microorganism in a culture medium under conditions in which one or more of the enzymes catalyzing step(s) of the methods of the invention, e.g. synthases, hydrolases, CYP450s and/or UGTs are expressed. The recombinant microorganism may be grown in a fed batch or continuous process. Typically, the recombinant microorganism is grown in a fermenter at a defined temperature(s) for a desired period of time in order to increase the yield of Compound 1.

In some embodiments, mogroside compounds can be produced using whole cells that are fed raw materials that contain precursor molecules to increase the yield of Compound 1. The raw materials may be fed during cell growth or after cell growth. The whole cells may be in suspension or immobilized. The whole cells may be in fermentation broth or in a reaction buffer.

In some embodiments, the recombinant host cell can comprise heterologous nucleic acid(s) encoding an enzyme or mixture of enzymes capable of catalyzing Oxido-squalene to cucurbitadienol, Cucurbitadienol toll-hydroxycucurbitadienol, 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol to mogrol, and/or mogrol to mogroside. In some embodiments, the cell can further comprise Heterologous nucleic acid(s) encoding an enzyme or mixture of enzymes capable of catalyzing Dioxido-squalene to 24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol, 24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol to hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol, 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol to mogrol, and/or mogrol to mogroside

The host cell can comprises a recombinant gene encoding a cucurbitadienol synthase and/or a recombinant gene encoding a cytochrome P450 polypeptide.

In some embodiments, the cell comprises a protein having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327-333, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904, and 906 (cucurbitadienol synthase).

In some embodiments, the conversion of Oxido-squalene to cucurbitadienol is catalyzed by cucurbitadienol synthase of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327-333, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904, and 906, or a functional homologue thereof sharing at least 70%, such as at least 80%, for example at least 90%, such as at least 95%, for example at least 98% sequence identity therewith. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase polypeptide comprises a C-terminal portion comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 73. In some embodiments, the gene encoding the cucurbitadienol synthase polypeptide is codon optimized. In some embodiments, the codon optimized gene comprises the nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 74.

In some embodiments, the conversion of Cucurbitadienol to 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol is catalyzed CYP5491 of SEQ ID NO: 49 or a functional homologue thereof sharing at least 70%, such as at least 80%, for example at least 90%, such as at least 95%, for example at least 98% sequence identity therewith.

In some embodiments, the conversion of 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol to mogrol comprises a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of Epoxide hydrolase 1 of SEQ ID NO: 29, Epoxide hydrolase 2 of SEQ ID NO: 30 and functional homologues of the aforementioned sharing at least 70%, such as at least 80%, for example at least 90%, such as at least 95%, for example at least 98% sequence identity therewith. In some embodiments, the genes encoding epoxide hydrolase 1 and epoxide hydrolase 2 are codon optimized for expression. In some embodiments, the codon optimized genes for epoxide hydrolase comprise a nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 114 or 115.

In some embodiments, the epoxide hydrolase comprises an amino acid sequence as set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21-28 (Itkin et al, incorporated by reference in its entirety herein).

In some embodiments, the conversion of mogrol to mogroside is catalyzed in the host recombinant cell by one or more UGTs selected from the group consisting of UGT1576 of SEQ ID NO: 15, UGT98 of SEQ ID NO: 9, UGT SK98 of SEQ ID NO: 68 and functional homologues of the aforementioned sharing at least 70%, such as at least 80%, for example at least 90%, such as at least 95%, for example at least 98% sequence identity therewith.

In some embodiments, the host recombinant cell comprises a recombinant gene encoding a cytochrome P450 polypeptide is encoded by any one of the sequences in SEQ ID NOs: 31-48, 316, 431, 871, 873, 875, 877, 879, 881, 883, 885, 887, and 891.

In some embodiments, the host recombinant cell comprises a recombinant gene encoding squalene epoxidase polypeptide comprising the sequence in SEQ ID No: 50.

In some embodiments, the host recombinant cell comprises a recombinant gene encoding cucurbitadienol synthase polypeptide of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327-333, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904, and 906. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase polypeptide comprises a C-terminal portion comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 73. In some embodiments, the gene encoding the cucurbitadienol synthase polypeptide is codon optimized. In some embodiments, the codon optimized gene comprises the nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 74.

Production of Mogroside Compounds from Mogrol

In some embodiments, the method of producing Compound 1 comprises contacting mogroside IIIE with a first enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Compound 1 from mogroside IIIE. In some embodiments, the method is performed in vivo, wherein a recombinant cell comprises a gene encoding the first enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Compound 1 from mogroside IIIE. In some embodiments, the cell further comprises a gene encoding an enzyme capable of catalyzing production of mogroside IE1 from mogrol. In some embodiments, the enzyme comprises a sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4-8.

In some embodiments, the cell further comprises enzymes to convert mogroside IIE to mogroside IV, mogroside V, 11-oxo-mogroside V, and siamenoside I. In some embodiments, the enzymes for converting mogroside IIE to mogroside IV, mogroside V, 11-oxo-mogroside V, and siamenoside I are encoded by genes that comprise the nucleic acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 9-14 and 116-120. In some embodiments, the method of producing Compound 1 comprises treating Mogroside III_(E) with the glucose transferase enzyme UGT76G1.

In some embodiments, the method comprises fractionating lysate from a recombinant cell on an HPLC column and collecting an eluted fraction comprising Compound 1.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting mogroside IIIE with a first enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Compound 1 from mogroside IIIE. In some embodiments, contacting mogroside IIIE with the first enzyme comprises contacting mogroside IIIE with a recombinant host cell that comprises a first gene encoding the first enzyme. In some embodiments, the first gene is heterologous to the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the mogroside IIIE contacts with the first enzyme in a recombinant host cell that comprises a first polynucleotide encoding the first enzyme. In some embodiments, the mogroside IIIE is present in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the mogroside IIIE is produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the method comprises cultivating the recombinant host cell in a culture medium under conditions in which the first enzyme is expressed. In some embodiments, the first enzyme is one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases), glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a CGTase. In some embodiments, the CGTase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 148 and 154. In some embodiments, the transglucosidases are encoded by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 163-290 and 723. In some embodiments, the CGTases comprises, or consists of, a sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 148, and 154. In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a dextransucrase. In some embodiments, the dextransucrase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 103, 106-110, 156 and 896. In some embodiments, the DexT comprises an amino acid sequence any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 103, 106-110, 156 and 896. In some embodiments, the DexT comprises a nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 104 or 105. In some embodiments, the dextransucrase comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 106-110. In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a transglucosidase. In some embodiments, the transglucosidase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3163-291 and 723. In some embodiments, the transglucosidase comprises an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 163-291 and 723. In some embodiments, the transglucosidases are encoded by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 163-291 and 723. In some embodiments, the transglucosidases comprises an amino acid sequence set forth by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 163-290 and 723. In some embodiments, the genes encode a CGTase comprising any one of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, and 154.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting Mogroside IIA with the recombinant host cell to produce mogroside IIIE, wherein the recombinant host cell further comprises a second gene encoding a second enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Mogroside IIIE from Mogroside IIA. In some embodiments, the mogroside IIA is produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the second enzyme is one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. In some embodiments, the second enzyme is a uridine diphosphate-glucosyl transferase (UGT). In some embodiments, the transglucosidases comprises an amino acid sequence set forth by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 163-290 and 723. In some embodiments, the genes encode a CGTase comprising an amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 148, and 154. In some embodiments, the UGT is UGT73C3 (SEQ ID NO: 4), UGT73C6 (SEQ ID NO:5, 444 or 445), 85C2 (SEQ ID NO: 6), UGT73C5 (SEQ ID NO: 7), UGT73E1 (SEQ ID NO: 8), UGT98 (SEQ ID NO: 9 or 407), UGT1576 (SEQ ID NO: 15), UGT SK98 (SEQ ID NO: 16), UGT430 (SEQ ID NO: 17), UGT1697 (SEQ ID NO: 18), or UGT11789 (SEQ ID NO: 19) or any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, 7-9, 15-19, 125, 126, 128, 129, 293-304, 306, 307, 407, 439, 441, and 444. In some embodiments, the UGT is encoded by a gene set forth in UGT1495 (SEQ ID NO: 10), UGT1817 (SEQ ID NO: 11), UGT5914 (SEQ ID NO: 12), UGT8468 (SEQ ID NO: 13) or UGT10391 (SEQ ID NO: 14).

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting mogrol with the recombinant host cell to produce mogroside IIIE, wherein the recombinant host cell further comprises one or more genes encoding one or more enzymes capable of catalyzing production of mogroside IIIE from mogrol. In some embodiments, the mogrol is produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the one or more enzymes comprises one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. In some embodiments, the second enzyme is a uridine diphosphate-glucosyl transferase (UGT). In some embodiments, the UGT is UGT73C3, UGT73C6, 85C2, UGT73C5, UGT73E1, UGT98, UGT1495, UGT1817, UGT5914, UGT8468, UGT10391, UGT1576, UGT SK98, UGT430, UGT1697, or UGT11789.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting a mogroside compound with the recombinant host cell to produce mogroside IIIE, wherein the recombinant host cell further comprises one or more genes encoding one or more enzymes capable of catalyzing production of mogroside IIIE from the mogroside compound, wherein the mogroside compound is one or more of mogroside IA1, mogroside IE1, mogroside IIA1, mogroside IIE, mogroside IIIA1, mogroside IIIA2, mogroside III, mogroside IV, mogroside IVA, mogroside V, or siamenoside. In some embodiments, the mogroside compound is produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the one or more enzymes comprises one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. In some embodiments, the transglucosidases comprises an amino acid sequence set forth by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 163-290 and 723. In some embodiments, the genes encode a CGTase comprising an amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 148, and 154. In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting Mogroside IA1 with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding UGT98 or UGT SK98. In some embodiments, the UGT98 or UGT SK98 enzyme comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9, 407 or 16. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of Mogroside IIA in the cell. In some embodiments, the one or more enzymes comprises an amino acid set forth by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 106-109, 147, 154, 163-303, 405, 411, 354-405, 447-723, 770, 776, and 782.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell further comprises a third gene encoding an epoxide hydrolase. In some embodiments, the 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol is produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a fourth gene encoding a cytochrome P450 or an epoxide hydrolase. In some embodiments, the P450 polypeptide is encoded in genes comprising the sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 31-48, 316, 431, 871, 873, 875, 877, 879, 881, 883, 885, 887, and 891. In some embodiments, the 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol is produced by the recombinant host cell.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting 3, 24, 25 trihydroxy cucurbitadienol with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell further comprises a fifth gene encoding a cytochrome P450. In some embodiments, the P450 polypeptide is encoded in genes comprising the sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 31-48, 316 and 318. In some embodiments, the 3, 24, 25 trihydroxy cucurbitadienol is produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of Mogrol in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the cytochrome P450 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 20, 308 or 315. In some embodiments, the P450 polypeptide is encoded in genes comprising the sequence set forth in any one SEQ ID NOs: 31-48, 316, 431, 871, 873, 875, 877, 879, 881, 883, 885, 887, and 891. In some embodiments, the epoxide hydrolase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70% of sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21-30 and 309-314.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting cucurbitadienol with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding cytochrome P450. In some embodiments, contacting results in production of 11-cucurbitadienol. In some embodiments, the 11-hydroxy cucurbitadienol is expressed in cells comprising a gene encoding CYP87D18 or SgCPR protein. In some embodiments, CYP87D18 or SgCPR comprises a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 315, 872 or 874. In some embodiments, the CYP87D18 or SgCPR is encoded by SEQ ID NO: 316, 871 or 873. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol is produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the gene encoding cytochrome P450 comprises a nucleic acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID Nos: 31-48, 316, 431, 871, 873, 875, 877, 879, 881, 883, 885, 887, and 891. In some embodiments, the cytochrome P450 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 31-48, 316, 431, 871, 873, 875, 877, 879, 881, 883, 885, 887, and 891. In some embodiments, the P450 polypeptide is encoded in genes comprising the sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 31-48, 316, 431, 871, 873, 875, 877, 879, 881, 883, 885, 887, and 891.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting 2,3-oxidosqualene with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a seventh gene encoding cucurbitadienol synthase. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327-333, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904 or 906. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase is encoded by any one sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 74, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 418, 421, 423, 425, 427, 897, 899, 901, 903 and 905. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of cucurbitadienol. In some embodiments, the 2,3-oxidosqualene is produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the 2,3-oxidosqualene or diepoxysqualene is produced by an enzyme comprising a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 898 or 900. In some embodiments, the 2,3-oxidosqualene or diepoxysqualene is produced by an enzyme encoded by a nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 897 or 899.

In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase is encoded by a gene comprising a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase is encoded by a gene comprising a nucleic acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 74, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 418, 421, 423, 425, 427, 897, 899, 901, 903, and 905. In some embodiments, 11-hydroxy cucurbitadienol is produced by the cell. In some embodiments, 11-OH cucurbitadienol is expressed in cells comprising a gene encoding CYP87D18 or SgCPR protein. In some embodiments, CYP87D18 or SgCPR comprises a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 315, 872 or 874. In some embodiments, the CYP87D18 or SgCPR is encoded by SEQ ID NO: 316, 871 or 873. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase polypeptide comprises a C-terminal portion comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 73. In some embodiments, the gene encoding the cucurbitadienol synthase polypeptide is codon optimized. In some embodiments, the codon optimized gene comprises the nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327-333, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904, and 906 (which include, for example, cucurbitadienol synthases from C. pepo, S. grosvenorii, C. sativus, C. melo, C. moschata, and C. maxim). In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase polypeptide comprises a C-terminal portion comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 73. In some embodiments, the gene encoding the cucurbitadienol synthase polypeptide is codon optimized. In some embodiments, the codon optimized gene comprises the nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase comprises an amino acid comprising the polypeptide from Lotus japonicas (BAE53431), Populus trichocarpa (XP_002310905), Actaea racemosa (ADC 84219), Betula platyphylla (BAB 83085), Glycyrrhiza glabra (BAA76902), Vitis vinifera (XP_002264289), Centella asiatica (AAS01524), Panax ginseng (BAA33460), and Betula platyphylla (BAB83086), as described in WO 2016/050890, incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting squalene with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises an eighth gene encoding a squalene epoxidase. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of 2, 3-oxidosqualene. In some embodiments, the squalene is produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the squalene epoxidase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 50-56, 60, 61, 334 or 335.

In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting farnesyl pyrophosphate with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a ninth gene encoding a squalene synthase. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of squalene. In some embodiments, the farnesyl pyrophosphate is produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the squalene synthase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69 or 336.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting geranyl-PP with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a tenth gene encoding farnesyl-PP synthase. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of farnesyl-PP. In some embodiments, the geranyl-PP is produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the farnesyl-PP synthase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 338. In some embodiments, one or more of the first, second third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth gene is operably linked to a heterologous promoter. In some embodiments, the heterologous promoter is a CMV, EF1a, SV40, PGK1, human beta actin, CAG, GAL1, GAL10, TEF1, GDS, ADH1, CaMV35S, Ubi, T7, T7lac, Sp6, araBAD, trp, Lac, Ptac, pL promoter, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the promoter is an inducible, repressible, or constitutive promoter. In some embodiments, production of one or more of pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, citrate, and TCA cycle intermediates have been upregulated in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, cytosolic localization has been upregulated in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, one or more of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth gene comprises at least one sequence encoding a 2A self-cleaving peptide. As used herein, the terms the first, the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth, the sixth, the seventh, the eighth, the ninth, the tenth, and alike do not infer particular order and/or a requirement for presence of the earlier number. For example, the recombinant host cell described herein can comprise the first gene and the third gene, but not the second gene. As another example, the recombinant host cell can comprise the first gene, the fifth gene, and the tenth gene, but not the second gene, the third gene, the fourth gene, the sixth gene, the seventh gene, the eighth gene, and the ninth gene.

The recombinant host cell can be, for example, a plant, bivalve, fish, fungus, bacteria or mammalian cell. For example, the plant is selected from Siraitia, Momordica, Gynostemma, Cucurbita, Cucumis, Arabidopsis, Artemisia, Stevia, Panax, Withania, Euphorbia, Medicago, Chlorophytum, Eleutherococcus, Aralia, Morus, Medicago, Betula, Astragalus, Jatropha, Camellia, Hypholoma, Aspergillus, Solanum, Huperzia, Pseudostellaria, Corchorus, Hedera, Marchantia, and Morus. In some embodiments, fungus is selected from Trichophyton, Sanghuangporus, Taiwanofungus, Moniliophthora, Marssonina, Diplodia, Lentinula, Xanthophyllomyces, Pochonia, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Sanghuangporus, Aureobasidium, Pochonia, Penicillium, Sporothrix, Metarhizium, Aspergillus, Yarrowia, and Lipomyces. In some embodiments, the fungus is Aspergillus nidulans, Yarrowia lipolytica, or Rhodosporin toruloides. In some embodiments, the recombinant host cell is a yeast cell. In some embodiments, the yeast is selected from Candida, Sacccharaomyces, Saccharomycotina, Taphrinomycotina, Schizosaccharomycetes, Komagataella, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Tremellomycetes, Pucciniomycotina, Aureobasidium, Coniochaeta, Rhodosporidium, and Microboryomycetes. In some embodiments, the bacteria is selected from Frankia, Actinobacteria, Streptomyces, Enterococcus, In some embodiments, the bacteria is Enterococcus faecalis. In some embodiments, one or more of the first, second third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth genes has been codon optimized for expression in a bacterial, mammalian, plant, fungal or insect cell. In some embodiments, one or more of the first, second third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth genes comprises a functional mutation to increased activity of the encoded enzyme. In some embodiments, cultivating the recombinant host cell comprises monitoring the cultivating for pH, dissolved oxygen level, nitrogen level, or a combination thereof of the cultivating conditions. In some embodiments, the method comprises isolating Compound 1. In some embodiments, isolating Compound 1 comprises lysing the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, isolating Compound 1 comprises isolating Compound 1 from the culture medium. In some embodiments, the method comprises purifying Compound 1. In some embodiments, purifying Compound 1 comprises HPLC, solid phase extraction or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the purifying comprises harvesting the recombinant cells, saving the supernatant and lysing the cells. In some embodiments, the lysing comprises subjecting the cells to shear force or detergent washes thereby obtaining a lysate. In some embodiments, the shear force is from a sonication method, french pressurized cells, or beads. In some embodiments, the lysate is subjected to filtering and purification steps. In some embodiments, the lysate is filtered and purified by solid phase extraction.

In some embodiments, a compound having the structure of Compound 1,

is provided, wherein the compound is produced by the method of any one of the alternative methods provided herein.

In some embodiments, a cell lysate comprising Compound 1 having the structure:

is provided.

In some embodiments, a recombinant cell comprising: Compound 1 having the structure:

is provided, and a gene encoding an enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Compound 1 from mogroside IIIE. In some embodiments, the gene is a heterologous gene to the recombinant cell.

In some embodiments, a recombinant cell comprising a first gene encoding a first enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Compound 1 having the structure:

from mogroside IIIE is provided. In some embodiments, the first enzyme comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1, 3, 78-101, 148, or 154 (CGTase). In some embodiments, the first enzyme comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 148, or 154 (CGTase). In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a dextransucrase. In some embodiments, the dextransucrase comprises, or consists of, an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 103, 106-110, 156, and 896. In some embodiments, the dextransucrase comprises, or consists of, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, 103, 104, or 105. In some embodiments, the dextransucrase comprises, or consists of, the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 2, 103-110 and 156-162 and 896. In some embodiments, the DexT comprises a nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 104 or 105. In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a transglucosidase. In some embodiments, the transglucosidase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 201 or SEQ ID NO: 291. In some embodiments, the recombinant cell further comprises a second gene encoding a uridine diphosphate-glucosyl transferase (UGT). In some embodiments, the UGT comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19. In some embodiments, UGT comprises, or consists of, the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17, and 18. In some embodiments, the UGT is encoded by a sequence set forth in UGT1495 (SEQ ID NO: 10), UGT1817 (SEQ ID NO: 11), UGT5914 (SEQ ID NO: 12), UGT8468 (SEQ ID NO: 13), or UGT10391 (SEQ ID NO: 14). In some embodiments, the cell comprises a third gene encoding UGT98 or UGT SK98. In some embodiments, the UGT98 or UGT SK98 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9, 407 or 16. In some embodiments, the cell comprises a fourth gene encoding an epoxide hydrolase. In some embodiments, the epoxide hydrolase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21-30 and 309-314. In some embodiments, the cell comprises a fifth sequence encoding P450. In some embodiments, the P450 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 20, 49, 308, 315 or 317. In some embodiments, P450 is encoded by a gene comprising a sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 31-48, 316, 431, 871, 873, 875, 877, 879, 881, 883, 885, 887, and 891. In some embodiments, further comprises a sixth sequence encoding cucurbitadienol synthase. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327-333, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904, and 906. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase polypeptide comprises a C-terminal portion comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 73. In some embodiments, the gene encoding the cucurbitadienol synthase polypeptide is codon optimized. In some embodiments, the codon optimized gene comprises the nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 74. In some embodiments, the cell further comprises a seventh gene encoding a squalene epoxidase. In some embodiments, the squalene epoxidase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 50-56, 60, 61, 334, and 335. In some embodiments, the cell further comprises an eighth gene encoding a squalene synthase. In some embodiments, the eighth gene comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 69 or SEQ ID NO: 336. In some embodiments, the cell further comprises a ninth gene encoding a farnesyl-PP synthase. In some embodiments, the farnesyl-PP synthase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 338. In some embodiments, the cell is a mammalian, bacterial, fungal, or insect cell. In some embodiments, the cell is a yeast cell. Non-limiting examples of the yeast include Candida, Sacccharaomyces, Saccharomycotina, Taphrinomycotina, Schizosaccharomycetes, Komagataella, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Tremellomycetes, Pucciniomycotina, Aureobasidium, Coniochaeta, and Microboryomycetes. In some embodiments, the plant is selected from the group consisting of Siraitia, Momordica, Gynostemma, Cucurbita, Cucumis, Arabidopsis, Artemisia, Stevia, Panax, Withania, Euphorbia, Medicago, Chlorophytum, Eleutherococcus, Aralia, Morus, Medicago, Betula, Astragalus, Jatropha, Camellia, Hypholoma, Aspergillus, Solanum, Huperzia, Pseudostellaria, Corchorus, Hedera, Marchantia, and Morus. In some embodiments, the fungus is Trichophyton, Sanghuangporus, Taiwanofungus, Moniliophthora, Marssonina, Diplodia, Lentinula, Xanthophyllomyces, Pochonia, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Sanghuangporus, Aureobasidium, Pochonia, Penicillium, Sporothrix, or Metarhizium.

In some embodiments, the cell comprises a sequence of an enzyme set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO: 897, 899, 909, 911, 913, 418, 421, 423, 425, 427, 871, 873, 901, 903 or 905. In some embodiments, the enzyme comprises a sequence set forth in or is encoded by a sequence in SEQ ID NO: 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 872, 874-896, 898, 900, 902, 904, 906, 908, 910, 912, and 951-1012.

In some embodiments, DNA can be obtained through gene synthesis. This can be performed by either through Genescript or IDT, for example. DNA can be cloned through standard molecular biology techniques into an overexpression vector such as: pQE1, pGEX-4t3, pDest-17, pET series, pFASTBAC, for example. E. coli host strains can be used to produce enzyme (i.e., Top10 or BL21 series+/−codon plus) using 1 mM IPTG for induction at OD600 of 1. E. coli strains can be propagated at 37 C, 250 rpm and switched to room temperature or 30 C (150 rpm) during induction. When indicated, some enzymes can also be expressed through SF9 insect cell lines using pFASTBAC and optimized MOI. Crude extract containing enzymes can be generated through sonication and used for the reactions described herein. All UDP-glycosyltransferase reactions contain sucrose synthase, and can be obtained from A. thaliana via gene synthesis and expressed in E. coli.

Hydrolysis of Hyper-Glycosylated Mogrosides to Produce Compound 1

In some embodiments, hyper-glycosylated mogrosides can be hydrolyzed to produce Compound 1. Non-limiting examples of hyper-glycosylated mogrosides include Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside Tim, Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III. Enzymes capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis process to produce Compound 1 can be, for example, CGTases (e.g., displays hydrolysis without starch), cellulases, β-glucosidases, transglucosidases, amylases, pectinases, dextranases, and fungal lactases. The amino acid sequences of some of these enzymes and the nucleic acid sequences encoding some of these enzymes can be found in Table 1.

In some embodiments, Compound 1 displays tolerance to hydrolytic enzymes in the recombinant cell, wherein the hydrolytic enzymes display capabilities of hydrolyzing Mogroside VI, Mogroside V, Mogroside IV to Mogroside IIIE. The alpha-linked glycoside present in Compound 1 provides a unique advantage over other Mogrosides (beta-linked glycosides) due to its tolerance to hydrolysis. During microbial production of Compound 1, the recombinant host cells (e.g., microbial host cells) can hydrolyze unwanted beta-linked Mogrosides back to Mogroside IIIE. Without being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the hydrolysis by the host cells can improve the purity of Compound 1 due to: 1) Reduction of unwanted Mogroside VI, Mogroside V, and Mogroside IV levels, and/or 2) The hydrolysis will increase the amount of Mogroside IIIE available to be used as a precursor for production of Compound 1.

Purification of Mogroside Compounds

Some embodiments comprise isolating mogroside compounds, for example Compound 1. In some embodiments, isolating Compound 1 comprises lysing the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, isolating Compound 1 comprises isolating Compound 1 from the culture medium. In some embodiments, the method further comprises purifying Compound 1. In some embodiments, purifying Compound 1 comprises HPLC, solid phase extraction or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the purifying comprises harvesting the recombinant cells, saving the supernatant and lysing the cells. In some embodiments, the lysing comprises subjecting the cells to shear force or detergent washes thereby obtaining a lysate. In some embodiments, the shear force is from a sonication method, french pressurized cells, or beads. In some embodiments, the lysate is subjected to filtering and purification steps. In some embodiments, the lysate is filtered and purified by solid phase extraction. The lysate can then be filtered and treated with ammonium sulfate to remove proteins, and fractionated on a C18 HPLC (5×10 cm Atlantis prep T3 OBD column, 5 um, Waters) and by injections using an A/B gradient (A=water B=acetonitrile) of 100→30% B over 30 minutes, with a 95% B wash, followed by re-equilibration at 1% (total run time=42 minutes). The runs can be collected in tared tubes (12 fractions/plate, 3 plates per run) at 30 mL/fraction. The lysate can also be centrifuged to remove solids and particulate matter. Plates can then be dried in the Genevac HT12/HT24. The desired compound is expected to be eluted in Fraction 21 along with other isomers. The pooled Fractions can be further fractionated in 47 runs on fluoro-phenyl HPLC column (3×10 cm, Xselect fluoro-phenyl OBD column, 5 um, Waters) using an A/B gradient (A=water, B=acetonitrile) of 15→30% B over 35 minutes, with a 95% B wash, followed by re-equilibration at 15% (total run time=45 minutes). Each run was collected in 12 tared tubes (12 fractions/plate, 1 plate per run) at 30 mL/fraction. Fractions containing the desired peak with the desired purity can be pooled based on UPLC analysis and dried under reduced pressure to give a whitish powdery solid. The pure compound can be re-suspended/dissolved in 10 mL of water and lyophilized to obtain at least a 95% purity.

For purification of Compound 1, in some embodiments, the compound can be purified by solid phase extraction, which may remove the need to HPLC. Compound 1 can be purified, for example, to or to about 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or 100% purity or any level of purity within a range described by any two aforementioned values. In some embodiments, compound 1 that is purified by solid phase extraction is, or is substantially, identical to the HPLC purified material. In some embodiments, the method comprises fractionating lysate from a recombinant cell on an HPLC column and collecting an eluted fraction comprising Compound 1.

Fermentation

Host cells can be fermented as described herein for the production of Compound 1. This can also include methods that occur with or without air and can be carried out in an anaerobic environment, for example. The whole cells (e.g., recombinant host cells) may be in fermentation broth or in a reaction buffer.

Monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenorii) extract can also be used to contact the cells in order to produce Compound 1. In some embodiments, a method of producing Compound 1 is provided. The method can comprise contacting monk fruit extract with a first enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Compound 1 from a mogroside such as such as Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III. In some embodiments, the contacting comprises contacting the mogrol fruit extract with a recombinant host cell that comprises a first gene encoding the first enzyme. In some embodiments, the first gene is heterologous to the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the mogrol fruit extract contacts with the first enzyme in a recombinant host cell that comprises a first polynucleotide encoding the first enzyme. In some embodiments, mogroside IIIE is in the mogrol fruit extract. In some embodiments, mogroside IIIE is also produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the method further comprises cultivating the recombinant host cell in a culture medium under conditions in which the first enzyme is expressed. In some embodiments, the first enzyme is one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases), glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a CGTase. For example, the CGTase can comprise an amino acid sequence having at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or more sequence identity to the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 148, and 154. In some embodiments, the CGTase comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 78-101, 148, and 154. In some embodiments, the CGTase comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 78-101. In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a dextransucrase. In some embodiments, the dextransucrase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 2, 103, 106-110, 156 and 896. In some embodiments, the dextransucrase comprises an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 103, 106-110, 156 and 896. In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a transglucosidase. In some embodiments, the transglucosidase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 163-290 and 723. In some embodiments, the transglucosidase comprises an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 163-290 and 723. In some embodiments, the first enzyme is a beta-glucosidase. In some embodiments, the beta glucosidase comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 292, or an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 292. In some embodiments, the mogrol fruit extract comprises Mogroside IIA and the recombinant host cell comprises a second gene encoding a second enzyme capable of catalyzing production of Mogroside IIIE from Mogroside IIA. In some embodiments, mogroside IIA is also produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the second enzyme is one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. In some embodiments, the second enzyme is a uridine diphosphate-glucosyl transferase (UGT). In some embodiments, the UGT is UGT73C3 (SEQ ID NO: 4), UGT73C6 (SEQ ID NO:5, 444, or 445), 85C2 (SEQ ID NO: 6), UGT73C5 (SEQ ID NO: 7), UGT73E1 (SEQ ID NO: 8), UGT98 (SEQ ID NO: 9 or 407), UGT1576 (SEQ ID NO:15), UGT SK98 (SEQ ID NO: 16), UGT430 (SEQ ID NO: 17), UGT1697 (SEQ ID NO: 18), UGT11789 (SEQ ID NO: 19), or comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to UGT73C3 (SEQ ID NO: 4), UGT73C6 (SEQ ID NO:5, 444 or 445), 85C2 (SEQ ID NO: 6), UGT73C5 (SEQ ID NO: 7), UGT73E1 (SEQ ID NO: 8), UGT98 (SEQ ID NO: 9 or 407), UGT1576 (SEQ ID NO:15), UGT SK98 (SEQ ID NO:16), UGT430 (SEQ ID NO:17), UGT1697 (SEQ ID NO:18), UGT11789 (SEQ ID NO:19). In some embodiments, the UGT is encoded by a gene set forth in UGT1495 (SEQ ID NO: 10), UGT1817 (SEQ ID NO: 11), UGT5914 (SEQ ID NO: 12), UGT8468 (SEQ ID NO: 13) or UGT10391 (SEQ ID NO:14). In some embodiments, the monk fruit extract comprises mogrol. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting the mogrol of the monk fruit extract wherein the recombinant host cell further comprises one or more genes encoding one or more enzymes capable of catalyzing production of Mogroside IIIE from mogrol. In some embodiments, mogrol is also produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the one or more enzymes comprises one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. In some embodiments, the second enzyme is a uridine diphosphate-glucosyl transferase (UGT). In some embodiments, the UGT is UGT73C3, UGT73C6, 85C2, UGT73C5, UGT73E1, UGT98, UGT1495, UGT1817, UGT5914, UGT8468, UGT10391, UGT1576, UGT SK98, UGT430, UGT1697, or UGT11789, or comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to those UGTs. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting the monk fruit extract with the recombinant host cell to produce mogroside IIIE, wherein the recombinant host cell further comprises one or more genes encoding one or more enzymes capable of catalyzing production of Mogroside IIIE from the mogroside compound, wherein the mogroside compound is one or more of mogroside IA1, mogroside IE1, mogroside IIA1, mogroside IIE, mogroside IIA, mogroside IIIA1, mogroside IIIA2, mogroside III, mogroside IV, mogroside IVA, mogroside V, or siamenoside. In some embodiments, a mogroside compound is also produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the one or more enzymes comprises one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. In some embodiments, the mogroside compound is Mogroside IIE. In some embodiments, the one or more enzymes is comprises an amino acid set forth by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 293-303. In some embodiments, the mogroside compound is Morgroside IIA or Mogroside IIE, and wherein contacting the monk fruit extract with the recombinant cell expressing the one or more enzymes produces Mogroside IIIA, Mogroside IVE and Mogroside V. In some embodiments, the one or more enzymes comprise an amino acid set forth in SEQ ID NO: 304. In some embodiments, the one or more enzymes is encoded by a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 305. In some embodiments, the monk fruit extract comprises Mogroside IA1. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting the monk fruit extract with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding UGT98 or UGT SK98. In some embodiments, the UGT98 or UGT SK98 enzyme comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9, 407, 16 or 306. In some embodiments, the UGT98 is encoded by a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 307. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of Mogroside IIA in the cell. In some embodiments, the monk fruit extract comprises 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting monk fruit extract with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell further comprises a third gene encoding an epoxide hydrolase. In some embodiments, the 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol is also produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting monk fruit extract with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a fourth gene encoding a cytochrome P450 or an epoxide hydrolase. In some embodiments, the 11-hydroxy-cucurbitadienol is also produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the monk fruit extract comprises 3, 24, 25 trihydroxy cucurbitadienol. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting monk fruit extract with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell further comprises a fifth gene encoding a cytochrome P450. In some embodiments, the 3, 24, 25 trihydroxy cucurbitadienol is also produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the contacting with mogrol fruit extract results in production of Mogrol in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the cytochrome P450 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 20 or 308. In some embodiments, the epoxide hydrolase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21-30 and 309-314. In some embodiments, the monk fruit extract comprises cucurbitadienol. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting cucurbitadienol with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding cytochrome P450. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of 11-hydroxy cucurbitadienol. In some embodiments, the 11-hydroxy cucurbitadienol is expressed in cells comprising a gene encoding CYP87D18 or SgCPR protein. In some embodiments, CYP87D18 or SgCPR comprises a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 315, 872 or 874. In some embodiments, the CYP87D18 or SgCPR is encoded by SEQ ID NO: 316, 871 or 873. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol is also produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the gene encoding cytochrome P450 comprises a nucleic acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID Nos: 31-48, 316, 431, 871, 873, 875, 877, 879, 881, 883, 885, 887, and 891. In some embodiments, the cytochrome P450 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 20 or 49. In some embodiments, the monk fruit extract comprises 2, 3-oxidosqualene. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting 2, 3-oxidosqualene of the monk fruit extract with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a seventh gene encoding cucurbitadienol synthase. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327-333, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904 or 906. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase is encoded by a sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 74, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 418, 421, 423, 425, 427, 897, 899, 901, 903, or 905. In some embodiments, the monk fruit extract comprises mogroside intermediates such as Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting a mogroside intermediate with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a seventh gene encoding cucurbitadienol synthase. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327-333, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904, or 906. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase is encoded by a sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 74, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 418, 421, 423, 425, 427, 897, 899, 901, 903, or 905. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of cucurbitadienol. In some embodiments, the 2,3-oxidosqualene and diepoxysqualene is also produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the 2, 3-oxidosqualene or diepoxysqualene is produced by an enzyme comprising a sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 898 or 900, or comprising a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 898 or 900. In some embodiments, the 2,3-oxidosqualene or diepoxysqualene is produced by an enzyme encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 897 or 899; or encoded by a nucleic acid set forth in SEQ ID NO: 897 or 899.

In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 70-73, 75-77, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327-333, 420, 422, 424, 426, 446, 902, 904, and 906. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase is a cucurbitadienol synthase from C. pepo, S. grosvenorii, C. sativus, C. melo, C. moschata, or C. maxim. In some embodiments, the cucurbitadienol synthase is encoded by a gene comprising a nucleic acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 74, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 418, 421, 423, 425, 427, 897, 899, 901, 903, and 905, or comprising a nucleic acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 74, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 418, 421, 423, 425, 427, 897, 899, 901, 903 and 905. In some embodiments, 11-OH cucurbitadienol is produced by the cell. In some embodiments, 11-OH cucurbitadienol is expressed in cells comprising a gene encoding CYP87D18 or SgCPR. In some embodiments, CYP87D18 or SgCPR comprises a sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 315, 872, or 874, or a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 315, 872 or 874. In some embodiments, the CYP87D18 or SgCPR is encoded by a sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 316, 871 or 873, or a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 316, 871 or 873. In some embodiments, the monk fruit extract comprises squalene. In some embodiments, the 2,3-oxidosqualene or diepoxysqualene is produced by an enzyme comprising a sequence having at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 898 or 900, or a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 898 or 900. In some embodiments, the 2, 3-oxidosqualene or diepoxysqualene is produced by an enzyme encoded by a nucleic acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to SEQ ID NO; 897 or 899, or a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 897 or 899. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting squalene with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises an eighth gene encoding a squalene epoxidase. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of 2,3-oxidosqualene. In some embodiments, the squalene is also produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the squalene epoxidase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or a range between any two of these numbers, sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 50-56, 60, 61, 334 or 335. In some embodiments, squalene epoxide is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 335. In some embodiments, the monk fruit extract comprises farnesyl pyrophosphate. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting farnesyl pyrophosphate with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a ninth gene encoding a squalene synthase. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of squalene. In some embodiments, the farnesyl pyrophosphate is also produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the squalene synthase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or more of sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 69 and 336. In some embodiments, the squalene synthase is encoded by a sequence comprising the nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 337. In some embodiments, the monk fruit extract comprises geranyl-PP. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting geranyl-PP with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a tenth gene encoding farnesyl-PP synthase. In some embodiments, the contacting results in production of farnesyl-PP. In some embodiments, the geranyl-PP is also produced by the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, the farnesyl-PP synthase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or more sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 338. In some embodiments, the farnesyl-PP synthase is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 339. In some embodiments, one or more of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth gene is operably linked to a heterologous promoter. In some embodiments, the heterologous promoter is a CMV, EF1a, SV40, PGK1, human beta actin, CAG, GAL1, GAL10, TEF1, GDS, ADH1, CaMV35S, Ubi, T7, T7lac, Sp6, araBAD, trp, lac, Ptac, pL promoter, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the promoter is an inducible, repressible, or constitutive promoter. In some embodiments, production of one or more of pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, citrate, and TCA cycle intermediates have been upregulated in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, cytosolic localization has been upregulated in the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, one or more of the first, second third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth gene comprises at least one sequence encoding a 2A self-cleaving peptide. In some embodiments, the recombinant host cell is a plant, bivalve, fish, fungus, bacteria or mammalian cell. In some embodiments, the plant is selected from Siraitia, Momordica, Gynostemma, Cucurbita, Cucumis, Arabidopsis, Artemisia, Stevia, Panax, Withania, Euphorbia, Medicago, Chlorophytum, Eleutherococcus, Aralia, Morus, Medicago, Betula, Astragalus, Jatropha, Camellia, Hypholoma, Aspergillus, Solanum, Huperzia, Pseudostellaria, Corchorus, Hedera, Marchantia, and Morus. In some embodiments, the fungus is selected from Trichophyton, Sanghuangporus, Taiwanofungus, Moniliophthora, Marssonina, Diplodia, Lentinula, Xanthophyllomyces, Pochonia, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Sanghuangporus, Aureobasidium, Pochonia, Penicillium, Sporothrix, Metarhizium, Aspergillus, Yarrowia, and Lipomyces. In some embodiments, the fungus is Aspergillus nidulans, Yarrowia lipolytica, or Rhodosporin toruloides. In some embodiments, the recombinant host cell is a yeast cell. In some embodiments, the yeast is selected from Candida, Sacccharaomyces, Saccharomycotina, Taphrinomycotina, Schizosaccharomycetes, Komagataella, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Tremellomycetes, Pucciniomycotina, Aureobasidium, Coniochaeta, Rhodosporidium, and Microboryomycetes. In some embodiments, the bacteria is selected from the group consisting of Frankia, Actinobacteria, Streptomyces, and Enterococcus. In some embodiments, the bacteria is Enterococcus faecalis. In some embodiments, one or more of the first, second third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth gene has been codon optimized for expression in a bacterial, mammalian, plant, fungal or insect cell. In some embodiments, one or more of the first, second third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth genes comprises a functional mutation to increased activity of the encoded enzyme. In some embodiments, cultivating the recombinant host cell comprises monitoring the cultivating for pH, dissolved oxygen level, nitrogen level, or a combination thereof of the cultivating conditions. In some embodiments, the method comprises isolating Compound 1. In some embodiments, isolating Compound 1 comprises lysing the recombinant host cell. In some embodiments, isolating Compound 1 comprises isolating Compound 1 from the culture medium. In some embodiments, the method further comprises purifying Compound 1. In some embodiments, purifying Compound 1 comprises HPLC, solid phase extraction or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the purifying further comprises harvesting the recombinant cells, saving the supernatant and lysing the cells. In some embodiments, the lysing comprises subjecting the cells to shear force or detergent washes thereby obtaining a lysate. In some embodiments, the shear force is from a sonication method, french pressurized cells, or beads. In some embodiments, the lysate is subjected to filtering and purification steps. In some embodiments, the lysate is filtered and purified by solid phase extraction. In some embodiments, the method further comprises second or third additions of monk fruit extract to the growth media of the recombinant host cells. Additionally the method can be performed by contacting the monk fruit extract with the recombinant cell lysate, wherein the recombinant cell lysate comprises the expressed enzymes listed herein.

In general, compounds as disclosed and described herein, individually or in combination, can be provided in a composition, such as, e.g., an ingestible composition. In one embodiment, compounds as disclosed and described herein, individually or in combination, can provide a sweet flavor to an ingestible composition. In other embodiments, the compounds disclosed and described herein, individually or in combination, can act as a sweet flavor enhancer to enhance the sweetness of another sweetener. In other embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein impart a more sugar-like temporal profile and/or flavor profile to a sweetener composition by combining one or more of the compounds as disclosed and described herein with one or more other sweeteners in the sweetener composition. In another embodiment, compounds as disclosed and described herein, individually or in combination, can increase or enhance the sweet taste of a composition by contacting the composition thereof with the compounds as disclosed and described herein to form a modified composition. In another embodiment, compounds as disclosed and described herein, individually or in combination, can be in a composition that modulates the sweet receptors and/or their ligands expressed in the body other than in the taste buds.

As used herein, an “ingestible composition” includes any composition that, either alone or together with another substance, is suitable to be taken by mouth whether intended for consumption or not. The ingestible composition includes both “food or beverage products” and “non-edible products”. By “Food or beverage products”, it is meant any edible product intended for consumption by humans or animals, including solids, semi-solids, or liquids (e.g., beverages) and includes functional food products (e.g., any fresh or processed food claimed to have a health-promoting and/or disease-preventing properties beyond the basic nutritional function of supplying nutrients). The term “non-food or beverage products” or “noncomestible composition” includes any product or composition that can be taken into the mouth by humans or animals for purposes other than consumption or as food or beverage. For example, the non-food or beverage product or noncomestible composition includes supplements, nutraceuticals, pharmaceutical and over the counter medications, oral care products such as dentifrices and mouthwashes, and chewing gum.

Compositions Comprising Mogroside Compounds

Also disclosed herein include compostions, e.g., ingestible compositions, comprising one or more of the mogroside compounds disclosed herein, including but not limited to Compound 1 and the compounds shown in FIG. 43. In some embodiments, an ingestible composition can be a beverage. For example, the beverage can be selected from the group consisting of enhanced sparkling beverages, colas, lemon-lime flavored sparkling beverages, orange flavored sparkling beverages, grape flavored sparkling beverages, strawberry flavored sparkling beverages, pineapple flavored sparkling beverages, ginger-ales, root beers, fruit juices, fruit-flavored juices, juice drinks, nectars, vegetable juices, vegetable-flavored juices, sports drinks, energy drinks, enhanced water drinks, enhanced water with vitamins, near water drinks, coconut waters, tea type drinks, coffees, cocoa drinks, beverages containing milk components, beverages containing cereal extracts and smoothies. In some embodiments, the beverage can be a soft drink.

An “ingestibly acceptable ingredient” is a substance that is suitable to be taken by mouth and can be combined with a compound described herein to form an ingestible composition. The ingestibly acceptable ingredient may be in any form depending on the intended use of a product, e.g., solid, semi-solid, liquid, paste, gel, lotion, cream, foamy material, suspension, solution, or any combinations thereof (such as a liquid containing solid contents). The ingestibly acceptable ingredient may be artificial or natural. Ingestibly acceptable ingredients includes many common food ingredients, such as water at neutral, acidic, or basic pH, fruit or vegetable juices, vinegar, marinades, beer, wine, natural water/fat emulsions such as milk or condensed milk, edible oils and shortenings, fatty acids and their alkyl esters, low molecular weight oligomers of propylene glycol, glyceryl esters of fatty acids, and dispersions or emulsions of such hydrophobic substances in aqueous media, salts such as sodium chloride, wheat flours, solvents such as ethanol, solid edible diluents such as vegetable powders or flours, or other liquid vehicles; dispersion or suspension aids; surface active agents; isotonic agents; thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives; solid binders; lubricants and the like.

Additional ingestibly acceptable ingredients include acids, including but are not limited to, citric acid, phosphoric acid, ascorbic acid, sodium acid sulfate, lactic acid, or tartaric acid; bitter ingredients, including, for example caffeine, quinine, green tea, catechins, polyphenols, green robusta coffee extract, green coffee extract, whey protein isolate, or potassium chloride; coloring agents, including, for example caramel color, Red #40, Yellow #5, Yellow #6, Blue #1, Red #3, purple carrot, black carrot juice, purple sweet potato, vegetable juice, fruit juice, beta carotene, turmeric curcumin, or titanium dioxide; preservatives, including, for example sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium metabisulfate, sorbic acid, or benzoic acid; antioxidants including, for example ascorbic acid, calcium disodium EDTA, alpha tocopherols, mixed tocopherols, rosemary extract, grape seed extract, resveratrol, or sodium hexametaphosphate; vitamins or functional ingredients including, for example resveratrol, Co-Q10, omega 3 fatty acids, theanine, choline chloride (citocoline), fibersol, inulin (chicory root), taurine, Panax ginseng extract, guanana extract, ginger extract, L-phenylalanine, L-carnitine, L-tartrate, D-glucoronolactone, inositol, bioflavonoids, Echinacea, Ginko biloba, yerba mate, flax seed oil, Garcinia cambogia rind extract, white tea extract, ribose, milk thistle extract, grape seed extract, pyrodixine HCl (vitamin B6), cyanoobalamin (vitamin B12), niacinamide (vitamin B3), biotin, calcium lactate, calcium pantothenate (pantothenic acid), calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, chromium chloride, chromium polynicotinate, cupric sulfate, folic acid, ferric pyrophosphate, iron, magnesium lactate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, monosodium phosphate, phosphorus, potassium iodide, potassium phosphate, riboflavin, sodium sulfate, sodium gluconate, sodium polyphosphate, sodium bicarbonate, thiamine mononitrate, vitamin D3, vitamin A palmitate, zinc gluconate, zinc lactate, or zinc sulphate; clouding agents, including, for example ester gun, brominated vegetable oil (BVO), or sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB); buffers, including, for example sodium citrate, potassium citrate, or salt; flavors, including, for example propylene glycol, ethyl alcohol, glycerine, gum Arabic (gum acacia), maltodextrin, modified corn starch, dextrose, natural flavor, natural flavor with other natural flavors (natural flavor WONF), natural and artificial flavors, artificial flavor, silicon dioxide, magnesium carbonate, or tricalcium phosphate; and stabilizers, including, for example pectin, xanthan gum, carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC), polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, medium chain triglycerides, cellulose gel, cellulose gum, sodium caseinate, modified food starch, gum Arabic (gum acacia), or carrageenan.

EXAMPLES

Some aspects of the embodiments discussed above are disclosed in further detail in the following examples, which are not in any way intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

Example 1: Production of Siamenoside I

As disclosed herein, siamenoside I can be an intermediate mogroside compound for the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, siamenoside I may be hydrolyzed to produce mogroside IIIE which can then be used to produce Compound 1. For example, a method for producing siamenoside I can comprises: contacting mogrol with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a recombinant cell expressing pectinase from Aspergillus aculeatus can be used.

As another example, the method for producing siamenoside I can comprises: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a pectinase from Aspergillus aculeatus can be used.

Example 2: Production of Mogroside IV_(E)

As disclosed herein, Mogroside IV_(E) can be an intermediate mogroside compound for the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, Mogroside IV_(E) from mogroside V can then be used to produce Compound 1. For example, a method for producing Mogroside IV_(E) can comprises: contacting mogroside V with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. As another example the recombinant cell can comprises a gene encoding pectinase. The pectinase can be encoded by a gene from Aspergillus aculeatus.

As another example, the method for producing Mogroside IV_(E) can comprises: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a pectinase from Aspergillus aculeatus can be used.

Example 3: Production of Mogroside III_(E)

As disclosed herein, Mogroside III_(E) can be an intermediate mogroside compound for the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, Mogroside II_(A) may be glycosylated to produce mogroside IIIE which can then be used to produce Compound 1.

As another example, the method for producing Mogroside III_(E) can comprises: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Mogroside II_(A), Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a pectinase from Aspergillus aculeatus can be encoded by a gene within the recombinant host cell.

Example 4: Production of Mogroside IV_(A)

As disclosed herein, Mogroside IV_(A) can be an intermediate mogroside compound for the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, Mogroside IV_(A) from mogroside V can then be used to produce Compound 1.

For example, a method for producing Mogroside IV_(A) can comprises: contacting Mogroside V with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can also be a β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae, for example.

As another example, the method for producing Mogroside IV_(A) can comprises: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae can be used in the method.

Example 5: Production of Mogroside II_(A)

As disclosed herein, Mogroside II_(A) can be an intermediate mogroside compound for the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, a method for producing Mogroside II_(A) can comprise: contacting Mogroside IA₁ with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

As another example, the method for producing Mogroside II_(A) can comprises: contacting one or more of Mogroside IA₁, Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a celluclast can also be used.

Example 6: Production of Mogroside III_(A1) from Aromase

As disclosed herein, Mogroside III_(A1) can be an intermediate mogroside compound for the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, Mogroside III_(A1) can be an intermediate to produce mogroside IVA which can then be used as an intermediate to produce Compound 1. For example, a method for producing Mogroside III_(A1) I can comprise contacting Siamenoside I with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can also be Aromase, for example. As another example, the method for producing Mogroside III_(A1) I can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

Example 7: Production of Compound 3

As disclosed herein, Compound 3 can be an intermediate mogroside compound that is produced with Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, a method for producing Compound 3 can comprises: contacting mogrol with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus lichenformis and/or Toruzyme.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 3 can comprises: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IVE, Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside IIIE, 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IVA, Mogroside IIA, Mogroside IIA1, Mogroside IIA2, Mogroside IA, 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside IIIE, 11-oxo-Mogroside IVE, Mogroside IIIE, Mogroside IE, Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside IIE, Mogroside IIIA2, and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a CTGase enzyme can be used.

Example 8: Production of Compound 4

As disclosed herein, Compound 4 produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, a method for producing Compound 4 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside IIIE with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 4 can comprises: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IVE, Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside IIIE, 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IVA, Mogroside IIA, Mogroside IIA1, Mogroside IIA2, Mogroside IA, 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside IIIE, 11-oxo-Mogroside IVE, Mogroside IE, Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside IIE, Mogroside IIIA2, and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus lichenformis and/or Toruzyme, for example.

Example 9: Production of Compound 5

Compound 5 can be an intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, a method for producing Compound 5 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside III_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 5 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a CGTase from Bacillus lichenformis or Toruzyme can be used.

Example 10: Production of Compound 6

As disclosed herein, Compound 6 can be an intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, a method for producing Compound 6 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside III_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 6 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a CGTase from Bacillus lichenformis or Toruzyme can be used.

Example 11: Production of Compound 7

As disclosed herein, Compound 7 can be an intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, a method for producing Compound 7 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside III_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 7 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a CGTase from Bacillus lichenformis or Toruzyme can be used.

Example 12: Production of Compound 8

As disclosed herein, Compound 8 can be an intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, a method for producing Compound 8 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside III_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 8 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a CGTase from Bacillus lichenformis or Toruzyme can be used.

Example 13: Production of Compound 9

As disclosed herein, Compound 9 can be an intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, a method for producing Compound 9 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside IIIE with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 9 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IVE, Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside IIIE, 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IVA, Mogroside IIA, Mogroside IIA1, Mogroside IIA2, Mogroside IA, 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside IIIE, 11-oxo-Mogroside IVE, Mogroside IE, Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside IIE, Mogroside IIIA2, and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a CGTase from Bacillus lichenformis or Toruzyme can be used.

Example 14: Production of Compound 10

As disclosed herein, Compound 10 can be an intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, a method for producing Compound 10 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside III_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 10 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a CGTase from Bacillus lichenformis or Toruzyme can be used.

Example 15: Production of Compound 11

As disclosed herein, Compound 11 can be an intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, a method for producing Compound 11 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside III_(E) or 11-oxo-MIII_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 11 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a CGTase from Bacillus lichenformis or Toruzyme can be used.

Example 16: Production of Compound 12

As disclosed herein, Compound 12 can be an intermediate mogroside compound that can be used in the production of Compound 1, disclosed herein. For example, a method for producing Compound 12 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside VI isomer with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, invertases and dextranases. The enzyme can be an invertase enzyme from baker's yeast, for example.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 12 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), Mogroside VI isomer and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, invertases and dextranases.

Example 17: Production of Compound 13

As disclosed herein, Compound 13 can be an intermediate mogroside produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside III_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme expressed can also be a celluclast, for example.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 13 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a celluclast can be used.

Example 18: Production of Compound 14

As disclosed herein, Compound 14 can be an intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside III_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme expressed can also be a celluclast, for example.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 14 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a celluclast can be used. The method can also require the presence of a sugar, such as α-lactose, for example.

Example 19: Production of Compound 15

As disclosed herein, Compound 15 can be an intermediate mogroside compound that can be used for the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, the method can comprise contacting mogroside II_(A) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 15 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a toruzyme can be used.

Example 20: Production of Compound 16

As disclosed herein, Compound 16 can be an intermediate mogroside compound that can be used for the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, the method can comprise contacting mogroside II_(A) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 16 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a toruzyme can be used.

The enzyme can be Toruzyme, for example. The recombinant cell can further comprise a gene encoding a clyclomatlodextrin glucanotransferase (e.g., Toruzyme), an invertase, a glucotransferase (e.g., UGT76G1), for example.

Example 21: Production of Compound 17

As disclosed herein, Compound 17 can be an intermediate mogroside compound for the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, Compound 17 may be hydrolyzed to produce mogroside IIIE which can then be used to produce Compound 1. For example, a method for producing Compound 17 can comprises: contacting Siamenoside I with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, transglucosidases, sucrose synthases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a recombinant cell expressing a UDP glycosyltransferase can be used.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 17 can comprises: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. For example, a UDP glycosyltransferases can be used.

Example 22: Production of Compound 18

As disclosed herein, Compound 18 can be an intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. For example, Compound 18 may be hydrolyzed to produce mogroside IIIE which can then be used to produce Compound 1. For example, a method for producing Compound 18 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside III_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzymes can be Sus1 and UGT76G1 for example.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 18 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be UGT76G1, for example.

Example 23: Production of Compound 19

As disclosed herein, Compound 19 can be an intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. Compound 19 can be further hydrolyzed to produce Compound 1, for example. For example, a method for producing Compound 18 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside III_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzymes can be Sus1 and UGT76G1 for example.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 19 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be UGT76G1, for example. The enzyme can also be sucrose synthase Sus1, for example.

Example 24: Production of Compound 20

As disclosed herein, Compound 20 can be an intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. Compound 20 can be further hydrolyzed to produce Compound 1, for example. For example, a method for producing Compound 20 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside III_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzymes can be Sus1 and UGT76G1 for example.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 20 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be UGT76G1, for example. The enzyme can also be sucrose synthase Sus1, for example. The enzyme can be sucrose synthase Sus1 and UGT76G1, for example.

Example 25: Production of Compound 21

As disclosed herein, Compound 21 can be an intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. Compound 21 can be further hydrolyzed to produce Compound 1, for example. For example, a method for producing Compound 21 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside IV_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzymes can be Sus1 and UGT76G1 for example.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 21 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Mogroside IV_(E), Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be UGT76G1, for example. The enzyme can also be sucrose synthase Sus1, for example. The enzymes can be sucrose synthase Sus1 and GT76G1, for example.

Example 26: Production of Compound 22

As disclosed herein, Compound 22 can be an intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. Compound 22 can be further hydrolyzed to produce Compound 1, for example. For example, a method for producing Compound 22 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside IVA with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzymes can be Sus1 and UGT76G1 for example.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 22 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Mogroside IV_(E), Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be UGT76G1, for example. The enzyme can also be sucrose synthase Sus1, for example. The enzymes can be sucrose synthase Sus1 and GT76G1, for example.

Example 27: Production of Compound 23

As disclosed herein, Compound 23 can be an intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. Compound 23 can be further hydrolyzed to produce Compound 1, for example. For example, a method for producing Compound 22 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside IV_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be dextransucrase, for example.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 23 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Mogroside IV_(E), Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be dextransucrase, for example, which will hydrolyze the hyper glycosylated mogroside IV_(E) isomers to the desired mogroside V isomer.

Examples 28 and 29: Production of Mogroside II_(A1) and Mogroside II_(A2) from Fungal lactase

As disclosed herein, Mogroside II_(A1) and Mogroside II_(A2) can be intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. Mogroside II_(A1) and Mogroside II_(A2) can be further hydrolyzed to produce Compound 1, for example. For example, a method for producing Mogroside II_(A1) and Mogroside II_(A2) can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside IV_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be a lactase from a fungus, for example.

As another example, the method for producing Mogroside II_(A1) and Mogroside II_(A2) can include: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Mogroside IV_(E), Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

Example 30: Production of Mogroside I_(A) from Viscozyme

As disclosed herein, Mogroside _(IA) can be intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. Mogroside _(IA)_can be further hydrolyzed to produce Compound 1, for example. A method for producing Mogroside _(IA)_can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting Mogroside IIA with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be Viscozyme, for example.

As another example, the method for producing Mogroside _(IA) can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Mogroside IV_(E), Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be Viscozyme, for example.

Example 31: Production of Compound 24

As disclosed herein, Compound 24 can be intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. Compound 24 can be further hydrolyzed to produce Compound 1, for example. A method for producing Compound 24_can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting mogroside III_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be dextransucrase DexT, for example.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 24 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Mogroside IV_(E), Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be dextransucrase DexT, for example.

Example 32: Production of Compound 25

As disclosed herein, Compound 25 can be intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. Compound 25 can be further hydrolyzed to produce Compound 1, for example. A method for producing Compound 25_can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting mogroside III_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be dextransucrase DexT, for example.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 25 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Mogroside IV_(E), Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be dextransucrase DexT, for example.

Example 33: Production of Compound 26

As disclosed herein, Compound 26 can be intermediate mogroside compound produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. Compound 26 can be further hydrolyzed to produce Compound 1, for example. A method for producing Compound 26 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting mogroside III_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be dextransucrase DexT, for example.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 26 can include: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Mogroside IV_(E), Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be dextransucrase DexT, for example.

Examples 34 and 35: Production of Mogrol and Mogroside I_(E) from Pectinase

As disclosed herein, Mogrol and Mogroside I_(E) can be intermediate mogroside compounds produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. Mogrol can be used as a substrate for producing Mogroside IA1, which is further hydrolyzed to form Compound 1 and Mogroside I_(E) can be further hydrolyzed to produce Compound 1, for example. A method for producing Mogrol and Mogroside can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting mogroside V with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be pectinase enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus, for example.

As another example, the method for producing Mogrol and Mogroside I_(E) can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Mogroside IV_(E), Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

Example 36: Production of Mogroside IIE

As disclosed herein, Mogroside IIE can be intermediate mogroside compounds produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. Mogroside IIE can be further hydrolyzed to produce Compound 1, for example. A method for producing Mogroside IIE can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting mogroside V with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be pectinase enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus, for example.

As another example, the method for producing Mogroside IIE can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Mogroside IV_(E), Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

Examples 37 and 38: Production of Compounds 32 and 33

As disclosed herein, Compounds 32 and 33 can be intermediate mogroside compounds produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. Compounds 32 and 33 can be further hydrolyzed to produce Compound 1, for example. A method for producing Compounds 32 and 33 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Mogroside IV_(E), Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be pectinase enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus, for example.

As another example, the method for producing Compound 32 and 33 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Mogroside IV_(E), Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside II_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

Examples 39 and 40: Production of Compounds 34 and 35

As disclosed herein, Compounds 34 and 35 can be intermediate mogroside compounds produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. Compounds 32 and 33 can be further hydrolyzed to produce Compound 1, for example. A method for producing Compounds 34 and 35 can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting mogroside III_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be celluclast, for example.

As another example, the method for producing Compounds 34 and 35 can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Mogroside IV_(E), Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

Examples 41 and 42: Production of Mogroside III_(A2) and Mogroside III

As disclosed herein, Mogroside III_(A2) and Mogroside III can be intermediate mogroside compounds produced during the production of Compound 1 disclosed herein. Mogroside III_(A2) and Mogroside III can be further hydrolyzed to produce Compound 1, for example.

For example Mogroside III_(A2) and Mogroside III can be also contact UGT to form Mogroside IVA, another mogroside compound that can be used to make Mogroside IIIE, which is further hydrolyzed to form Compound 1.

A method for producing Mogroside III_(A2) and Mogroside III can also lead to the production of Compound 1, the method can comprise contacting mogroside III_(E) with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases. The enzyme can be celluclast, for example.

As another example, the method for producing Mogroside III_(A2) and Mogroside III can comprise: contacting one or more of Mogroside V, Mogroside IV_(E), Siamenoside I, Mogroside IV_(E), Iso-mogroside V, Mogroside III_(E), 11-Deoxy-mogroside V, 11-Oxo-mogroside V, Mogroside VI, Mogroside IV_(A), Mogroside II_(A), Mogroside II_(A1), Mogroside II_(A2), Mogroside I_(A), 11-oxo-Mogroside VI, 11-oxo-Mogroside III_(E), 11-oxo-Mogroside IV_(E), Mogroside I_(E), Mogrol, 11-oxo-mogrol, Mogroside II_(E), Mogroside III_(A2), and Mogroside III with a recombinant host cell expressing one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.

Example 43: Use of CGT-SL Enzyme to Produce Compound 1

In 1 ml reaction volume, 5 mg of Mogroside IIIE, 50 mg of soluble starch, 0.1M NaOAC pH 5.0, 125 ul of CGT-SL enzyme (from Geobaccilus thermophillus) and water was mixed and with a stir bar and incubated at 50 C. Time point samples were taken for HPLC.

HPLC Data: Mass spec of Compound 1 production as shown in FIG. 1. In some embodiments, CTG-SL can comprise a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, 148 or 154.

Example 44: Cloning: Gene Encoding for Dextransucrase Enzyme was PCR Amplified from Leuconostoc citreum ATCC11449 and Cloned into pET23a

Growth conditions: BL21 Codon Plus RIL strain was grown in 2×YT at 37 C, 250 rpm until OD600 of 1. 10 mM of lactose was added for induction, incubated at room temperature, 150 rpm overnight. Crude extract used for the reaction was obtained either by sonication or osmotic shock.

In some embodiments, the dextransucrase comprises, or consists of, an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 103, 106-110, 156, and 896. In some embodiments, the DexT can comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 103. In some embodiments, the DexT comprises a nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 104 or 105.

Example 45: Reaction of Mogroside IIIE with S. mutans Clarke ATCC25175 Dextransucrase to Produce Compound 1

Growth conditions: The strain indicated above was grown anaerobically with glucose supplementation as indicated in Wenham, Henessey and Cole (1979) to stimulate dextransucrase production. 5 mg/ml Mogroside IIIE was added to the growth media. Time point samples were taken for HPLC. HPLC Data is presented as mass spec of Compound 1 production in FIG. 2.

Example 46: Reaction of Mogroside IIIE with CGTase

In 1 ml reaction volume, 5 mg of Mogroside IIIE, 50 mg of soluble starch, 0.1M NaOAC pH 5.0, 125 ul of enzyme and water was mixed and with a stir bar and incubated at 50 C. Time point samples were taken for HPLC. The enzyme used was CGTase. The product of Compound 1 is seen in the HPLC data and mass spectroscopy data as shown in FIG. 1. Mass peaks correspond to the size of Compound 1.

Example 47: Reaction of Mogroside IIIE with Celluclast

Celluclast xylosylation were performed with mogroside IIIE with celluclast from the native host: Trichoderma reesei

Reaction conditions: 5 mg of Mogroside IIIE, 100 mg xylan, 50 ul Celluclast were mixed in a total volume of 1 ml with 0.1M sodium acetate pH 5.0, incubated at 50 C with stirring. Time point samples were taken for HPLC.

Xylosylated product is highlighted in FIG. 3. Products from xylosylation can be used as intermediates in production of Compound 1. The sequences for Celluclast are included in Table 1 and is used herein for the production of xylosylated products.

Example 48: Glycosyltransferases (Maltotriosyl Transferase) (Native Host: Geobacillus sp. APC9669)

In this example, glycosytransferase AGY15763.1 (Amano Enzyme U.S.A. Co., Ltd., Elgin, Ill.; SEQ ID NO: 434, see Table 1) was used. 20 mL dI water, 0.6 ml 0.5M MES pH 6.5, 6 g soluble starch, 150 mg Mogroside IIIE, and 3 ml enzyme were added to a 40 ml flat-bottom screw cap vial. The vial was sealed with black cap, incubated at 30° C. and stirred at 500 rpm using magnetic bar. 3 more identical reactions were set up for a total of 600 mg Mogroside IIIE used as starting material. The reaction was stopped after 24 hours. Insoluble starch was removed by centrifugation (4000 rpm for 5 min, Eppendorf). The supernatant was heated to 80° C. for 30 minutes with stirring (500 rpm), followed by centrifugation (4000 rpm for 10 min, Eppendorf). The supernatant was filtered through a 250 ml, 0.22 micron PES and checked by LC-MS (Sweet Naturals 2016-Enzymatic_2016Q4_A.SPL, line 1254) to obtain HPLC data

The AGY15763.1 protein (SEQ ID NO: 434) can be encoded by the native gDNA (SEQ ID NO: 437) or codon optimized (for E. coli) DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO: 438)

An example of additional glycosytransferase expected to perform similarly is the UGT76G1 protein from Stevia rebaudiana (SEQ ID NO: 439), which can be expressed in E. coli. The native coding sequence for UGT76G1 (SEQ ID NO: 439) is provided in SEQ ID NO: 440).

Example 49: UDP-Glycosyltransferases UGT73C5 in the Presence of Mogrol

Mogrol was reacted with UDP-glycosyltransferases which produced Mogroside I and Mogroside II. 1 mg/ml of Mogrol was reacted with 200 ul crude extract containing UGT73C5 (A. thaliana)(334), 2 ul crude extract containing sucrose synthase, 5 mM UDP, 1×M221 protease inhibitor, 200 mM sucrose, 0.5 mg/ml spectinomycin, in 0.1M Tris-HCl pH7.0, incubated at 30 C. Samples were taken after 2 days for HPLC. The reaction products were from Mogrol to Mogroside I and Mogroside II as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

The protein sequence of UGT73C5 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 441, the native DNA coding sequence for UGT73C5 (SEQ ID NO: 441) is shown in SEQ ID NO: 442, and the UGT73C5 coding sequence (Codon optimized for E. coli) is shown in SEQ ID NO: 443.

Example 50: UDP-Glycosyltransferases (UGT73C6) in the Presence of Mogrol to Produce Mogroside I

Reaction conditions: 1 mg/ml of Mogrol was reacted with 200 ul crude extract containing UGT73C6, 2 ul crude extract containing sucrose synthase, 5 mM UDP, 1×M221 protease inhibitor, 200 mM sucrose, 0.5 mg/ml spectinomycin, in 0.1M Tris-HCl pH7.5, incubated at 30 C. Samples were taken after 2 days for HPLC. The reaction product was Mogroside I from Mogrol. As shown in the HPLC data and Mass spectroscopy data of FIG. 6.

The protein and gDNA sequence encoding A. thaliana UGT73C6 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 444 and SEQ ID NO: 445, respectively.

Example 51: UDP-Glycosyltransferases (338) in the Presence of Mogrol to Produce Mogroside I, Mogroside IIA and Two Different Mogroside III Products

Reaction conditions: 1 mg/ml of Mogrol or Mogroside IIA was reacted with 200 ul crude extract containing 338, 2 ul crude extract containing sucrose synthase, 5 mM UDP, 1×M221 protease inhibitor, 200 mM sucrose, 0.5 mg/ml spectinomycin, in 0.1M Tris-HCl pH8.5, incubated at 30 C. Samples were taken after 2 days for HPLC

Mogrol reaction with Bacillus sp. UDP-glycotransferase (338) (described in Pandey et al., 2014; incorporated by reference in its entirety herein) led to the reaction products: Mogroside I, Mogroside IIA, and 2 different Mogroside III products. FIGS. 7-9 show the HPLC and mass spectroscopy data for the products obtained after the reaction. FIG. 8 shows the peaks which correlate to the size of Mogrol IIA.

The protein and gDNA sequence encoding UGT 338 is provided in SEQ ID NO: 405 and SEQ ID NO: 406, respectively.

Example 52: UDP-Glycosyltransferases (301 (UGT98)) in the Presence of Mogroside IIIE to Produce Siamenoside I and Mogroside V

Reaction conditions: 1 mg/ml of Mogroside IIIE was reacted with 200 ul crude extract containing 301, 2 ul crude extract containing sucrose synthase, 5 mM UDP, 1×M221 protease inhibitor, 200 mM sucrose, 0.5 mg/ml spectinomycin, in 0.1M Tris-HCl pH7.0, incubated at 30 C. Samples were taken after 2 days for HPLC and mass spec analysis. The reaction products from Mogroside IIIE were Siamenoside I and Mogroside V as shown in FIGS. 10-11.

The protein and gDNA sequence encoding S. grosvenorii 301 UGT98 is provided in SEQ ID NO: 407 and SEQ ID NO: 408, respectively.

Example 53: UDP-Glycosyltransferases (339) in the Presence of Mogrol, Siamenoside I or Compound 1 to Produce Mogroside I from Mogrol, Isomogroside V from Siamenoside I and Compound 1 Derivative from Compound 1

Reaction conditions: 1 mg/ml of Mogrol, Siamenoside I or Compound 1 was reacted with 200 ul crude extract containing 339 (described in Itkin et al., incorporated by reference in its entirety herein), 2 ul crude extract containing sucrose synthase, 5 mM UDP, 1×M221 protease inhibitor, 200 mM sucrose, 0.5 mg/ml spectinomycin, in 0.1M Tris-HCl pH7.0, incubated at 30 C. Samples were taken after 2 days for HPLC

The reaction products from Mogrol lead to Mogroside I, Siamenoside I lead to Isomogroside V, and Compound 1 led to a Compound 1 derivative (FIGS. 12-14).

The protein and DNA sequence encoding S. grosvenorii UGT339 is provided in SEQ ID NO: 409 and SEQ ID NO: 410, respectively.

Example 54: UDP-Glycosyltransferases (330) in the Presence of Mogroside IIA, Mogroside IIE, Mogroside IIIE, Mogroside IVA, or Mogroside IVE to Produce Mogroside IIIA, Mogroside IVE, and Mogroside V

As described herein, the use of UDP-glycotransferase (330) as described in Noguchi et al. 2008 (incorporated by reference in its entirety herein) led to the reaction products Mogroside IIIA, Mogroside IVE, Mogroside V. The native host is Sesamum indicum, and the production host was SF9. For the reaction, 1 mg/ml of Mogroside IIA, Mogroside IIE, Mogroside IIIE, Mogroside IVA, or Mogroside IVE was reacted with 200 ul crude extract containing 330, 2 ul crude extract containing sucrose synthase, 5 mM UDP, 1×M221 protease inhibitor, 200 mM sucrose, 0.5 mg/ml spectinomycin, in 0.1M Tris-HCl pH7.0, incubated at 30 C. Samples were taken after 2 days for HPLC.

The reaction led to surprising products such as Mogroside IIIA, Mogroside IVE, Mogroside V. As shown in FIGS. 15-20, the sizes of the compounds produced correspond to Mogroside IIIA, Mogroside IVE, and Mogroside V.

The protein and gDNA sequence encoding the S. grosvenorii UGT330 protein is provided in SEQ ID NO: 411 and SEQ ID NO: 412, respectively.

Example 55: UDP-Glycosyltransferases (328) (Described in Itkin et al) in the Presence of Mogroside IIA, Mogroside IIE, Mogroside IIIE, Mogroside IVA, or Mogroside IVE to Produce Mogroside IIIA, Mogroside IVE, and Mogroside V

Reaction conditions: 1 mg/ml of Mogroside IIIE was reacted with 200 ul crude extract containing 330, 2 ul crude extract containing sucrose synthase, 5 mM UDP, 1×M221 protease inhibitor, 200 mM sucrose, 0.5 mg/ml spectinomycin, in 0.1M Tris-HCl pH7.0, incubated at 30 C. Samples were taken after 2 days for HPLC

The reaction products were Mogroside IVE and Mogroside V. As shown in FIGS. 21-22, the size of the products in the mass spectroscopy data corresponds to Mogroside IVE and Mogroside V. S. grosvenorii UGT328 protein (glycosyltransferase) and coding sequence thereof is provided in SEQ ID NO: 413 and 414, respectively.

The sucrose synthase AtSus1 protein sequence and the gDNA encodes the AtSus1 protein are provided in SEQ ID NO: 415 and 416, respectively.

Example 56: Mogrol Production in Yeast

DNA was obtained through gene synthesis either through Genescript or IDT. For some of the cucurbitadienol synthases, cDNA or genomic DNA was obtained through 10-60 day old seedlings followed by PCR amplification using specific and degenerate primers. DNA was cloned through standard molecular biology techniques into one of the following overexpression vectors: pESC-Ura, pESC-His, or pESC-LEU. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YHR072 (heterozygous for erg7) was purchased from GE Dharmacon. Plasmids (pESC vectors) containing Mogrol synthesis genes were transformed/co-transformed by using Zymo Yeast Transformation Kit II. Strains were grown in standard media (YPD or SC) containing the appropriate selection with 2% glucose or 2% galactose for induction of heterologous genes at 30 C, 220 rpm. When indicated, lanosterol synthase inhibitor, Ro 48-8071 (Cayman Chemicals) was added (50 ug/ml). Yeast production of mogrol and precursors were prepared after 2 days induction, followed by lysis (Yeast Buster), ethyl acetate extraction, drying, and resuspension in methanol. Samples were analyzed through HPLC.

Production of cucurbitadienol was catalyzed by cucurbitadienol synthase S. grosvernorii SgCbQ in growth conditions with no inhibitor.

Production of cucurbitadienol is shown in the HPLC and mass spectroscopy data which show mass peaks for the indicated product (FIG. 23). The protein sequence and DNA sequence encoding S. grosvernorii SgCbQ are provided in SEQ ID NO: 446 and 418, respectively.

Cpep2 was also used for the production of cucurbitadienol in yeast. As shown in FIG. 24, is the mass spectroscopy profile which shows peaks and characteristic fragments that correspond with cucurbitadienol. Protein sequence of Cpep2 and DNA sequence encoding Cpep2 protein is provided in SEQ ID NO: 420 and 421, respectively.

Cucurbita pepo (Jack O' Lantern) Cpep4 was also used in the production of cucurbitadienol under growth conditions with no inhibitor. Production of cucurbitadienol is shown in the mass spectral data shown in FIGS. 24 and 25. As shown the peaks and fragments correspond to cucurbitadienol. The protein sequence and DNA sequence encoding Cpep4 are provided in SEQ ID NOs: 422 and 423, respectively.

A putative cucurbitadienol synthase protein sequence representing C max was obtained from native host Cucurbita maxima. The deduced coding DNA sequence will be used for gene synthesis and expression. The cucurbitadienol synthase sequences for the protein and DNA encoding the cucurbitadienol synthase is shown below:

Proteins and DNA coding sequences below were obtained through alignment of genomic DNA PCR product sequence with known cucurbitadienol synthase sequences available through public databases (Pubmed). It is expected that any one of these C max proteins may be used in the methods, systems, compositions (e.g., host cells) disclosed herein to produce Compound 1. A non-limiting exemplary C max protein is C max 1 (protein) (SEQ ID NO: 424) encoded by C max 1 (DNA) (SEQ ID NO: 425).

A putative cucurbitadienol synthase protein sequence representing Cmos1 was obtained from native host Cucurbita moschata. The deduced coding DNA sequence is used for gene synthesis and expression. Protein(s) and DNA coding sequence(s) shown below were obtained through alignment of genomic DNA PCR product sequence with known cucurbitadienol synthase sequences available through public databases (Pubmed). Any one of these Cmos proteins may be used in the methods, systems, compositions (e.g., host cells) disclosed herein to produce Compound 1. A non-limiting exemplary Cmos 1 protein is Cmos 1 (protein) (SEQ ID NO: 426) encoded by Cmos1 (DNA) (SEQ ID NO: 427).

Example 57: Production of Dihydroxycucurbitadienol in Yeast (Cucurbitadienol Synthase & Epoxide Hydrolase)

The production of dihydroxycucurbitadienol in yeast was considered using cucurbitadienol synthase & epoxide hydrolase. The native host for these enzymes is S. grosvenorii.

Growth conditions: SgCbQ was co-expressed with an epoxide hydrolase (EPH) in the presence of lanosterol synthase inhibitor.

Possible dihydroxycucurbitadienol product is shown in FIG. 26.

EPH protein sequence and a DNA encoding EPH protein (codon optimized S. cerevisiae) is provided in SEQ ID NO: 428 and 429, respectively.

Example 58: Production of Mogrol from Cucurbitadienol Synthase, Epoxide Hydrolase, Cytochrome P450 and Cytochrome P450 Reductase

Four enzymes, including Cucurbitadienol synthase, epoxide hydrolase, cytochrome P450, and cytochrome P450 reductase are co-expressed in S. cerevisiae. For the growth conditions SgCbQ, EPH, CYP87D18 and AtCPR (cytochrome P450 reductase from A. thaliana) are co-expressed in the presence of lanosterol synthase inhibitor. Production of mogrol by S. cerevisiae is expected. The protein sequence and DNA sequence encoding SgCbQ, EPH, CYP87D18 and AtCPR (cytochrome P450 reductase from A. thaliana) are: CYP87D18 (protein) (SEQ ID NO: 430), and CYP87D18 (DNA) (SEQ ID NO: 431); and AtCPR (protein) (SEQ ID NO: 432), and AtCPR (DNA) (SEQ ID NO: 433).

Example 59: Compound 1 is Tolerant to Microbial Hydrolysis

Yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica and Candida bombicola, were incubated in YPD supplemented with 1 mg/ml Mogroside V or Compound 1. After 3 days, supernatants were analyzed by HPLC.

As shown in the HPLC data, epoxide hydrolase hydrolyzed Mogroside V to Mogroside IIIE. There was no hydrolysis products observed with Compound 1 (FIG. 37).

Example 60: Streptococcus mutans Clarke ATCC 25175 Dextransucrase

Streptococcus mutans Clarke can be grown anaerobically with glucose supplementation. An example of growth conditions can be found in Wenham, Henessey and Cole (1979), in which the method is used to stimulate dextransucrase production, for example. 5 mg/ml Mogroside IIIE was added to the growth media. Time point samples to monitor production can be taken for HPLC, for example. Sequences for various dextransucrase can be found in the Table 1, which include protein sequences for dextransucrases and nucleic acid sequences that encode dextransucrases (for example, SEQ ID NOs: 157-162). In some embodiments, the dextransucrase comprises, or consists of, an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 103, 106-110, 156, and 896. In some embodiments, the DexT can comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 103. In some embodiments, the DexT comprises a nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 104 or 105. In some embodiments, herein the recombinant cell encodes a protein comprising the sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO: 156-162 and/or comprises a nucleic acid encoding dextransucrase comprising a nucleic acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 157-162. This example is used to produce Compound 1.

Example 61: 90% Pure Compound 1 Production Procedure and Sensory Evaluation

A fraction containing the mixture of 3 α-mogroside isomers is obtained by treating mogroside III_(E) (MIII_(E)) with Dextransucrase/dextranase enzymes reaction followed by SPE fractionation. Based on UPLC analysis this mixture has 3 isomers, 11-oxo-Compound 1, Compound 1 and mogroside V isomer in 5:90:5% ratios respectively. These 3 isomers are characterized from the purification of a different fraction/source by LC-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra and by the comparison of closely related isomers in mogrosides series reported in the literature. This sample is further evaluated in sensory by comparing with pure Compound 1 sample using a triangle test.

Enzyme Reaction and Purification Procedure

100 mL of pH 5.5 1M sodium acetate buffer, 200 g sucrose, 100 mL dextransucrase DexT (1 mg/ml crude extract, pET23a, BL21-Codon Plus-RIL, grown in 2×YT), 12.5 g of Mogroside III_(E) and 600 mL water were added to a 2.8 L shake flask, and the flask was shaken at 30° C., 200 rpm. The progress of the reaction was monitored periodically by LC-MS. After 72 hours, the reaction was treated with 2.5 mL of dextranase (Amano) and continued shaking the flask at 30° C. After 24 hours the reaction mixture was quenched by heating at 80° C. and centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and the supernatant was filtered and loaded directly onto a 400 g C18 SPE column and fractionated using MeOH: H₂O 5/25/50/75/100 step-gradient. Each step in the gradient was collected in 6 jars, with 225 mL in each jar. The desired products were eluted in the second jar of the 75% MeOH fraction (SPE 75_2) and dried under reduced pressure. It was further re-suspended/dissolved in 7 mL of H₂O, freezed and lyophilized the vial for 3 days to get 1.45 g of white solid.

As per the UPLC analysis (FIGS. 28 and 29), the mixture has 3 characterized α-mogroside isomers; 11-oxo-Compound 1, Compound 1 and mogroside V isomer in 5:90:5% ratios, respectively. No residual solvent and/or structurally unrelated impurities were observed based on ¹H and ¹³C-NMR (Pyridine-d₅+D₂O) analysis.

Sensory Evaluation

Triangle testing for pure Compound 1 vs. 90% pure Compound 1 was performed on Nov. 10, 2016. Two different compositions: (1) LSB+175 ppm pure Compound 1 (standard) and (2) LSB+175 ppm 90% pure Compound 1 were tested. All samples of compositions were made with Low Sodium Buffer (LSB) pH ˜7.1 and contain 0% ethanol.

Conclusions: Panelists found that composition (1) LSB+175 ppm pure_Compound 1 (standard) was not significantly different than composition (2) LSB+175 ppm 90% pure Compound 1 (test) (p>0.05). Some of the testing analytical results are shown in Tables 2-4.

TABLE 2 Frequency of panelists that correctly selected the different sample. n = 38 (19 panelists × 2 reps). Samples Total Incorrect 24 Correct 14 Total 38 Correct Sample Selected (p-value) 0.381

TABLE 3 Analytical Results: Test Day Theoretical # (μM) Observed (μM) 175 ppm (155.5 uM) pure_compound 1 (standard) 132.20 ± 1.54 (n = 2) 175 ppm (155.56 uM) 90%_pure_compound 1 (test) 157.62 ± 0.63 (n = 2)

TABLE 4 Analytical results: the day before the testing day Theoretical # (μM) Observed (μM) 175 ppm (155.51 uM) pure_compound 1 (standard) 134.48 ± 7.31 (n = 2) 175 ppm (155.56 uM) 90%_pure_compound 1 (test) 140.69 ± 4.34 (n = 2)

Example 62: Gene Expression in Recombinant Yeast Cells

DNA was obtained through gene synthesis either through Genescript, IDT, or Genewiz. For some of the cucurbitadienol synthases, cDNA or genomic DNA was obtained through 10-60 day old seedlings followed by PCR amplification using specific and degenerate primers. DNA was cloned through standard molecular biology techniques or through yeast gap repair cloning (Joska et al., 2014) into one of the following overexpression vectors: pESC-Ura, pESC-His, or pESC-LEU. Gene expression was regulated by one of the following promoters; Gal1, Ga110, Tef1, or GDS. Yeast transformation was performed using Zymo Yeast Transformation Kit II. Yeast strains were grown in standard media (YPD or SC) containing the appropriate selection with 2% glucose or 2% galactose for induction of heterologous genes. Yeast strains were grown in shake flask or 96 well plates at 30° C., 140-250 rpm. When indicated, lanosterol synthase inhibitor, Ro 48-8071 (Cayman Chemicals) was added (50 ug/ml). Yeast production of mogrol and precursors were prepared through lysis (Yeast Buster), ethyl acetate extraction, drying, and resuspension in methanol. Samples were analyzed through LCMS methods described below using A/B gradient (A=H₂O, B=acetonitrile):

For analyzing diepoxysqualene, the LCMS method included the use of C18 2.1×50 mm column, 5% B for 1.5 min, gradient 5% to 95% B or 5.5 min, 95% B for 6 min, 100% B for 3 min, 5% B for 1.5, and all at flow rate of 0.3 ml/min.

For analyzing cucurbitadienol, the first LCMS method included the use of C4 2.1×100 mm column, gradient 1 to 95% B for 6 minutes, and at flow rate of 0.55 ml/min; and the second LCMS method included the use of Waters Acquity UPLC Protein BEH C4 2.1×100 mM, 1.7 um, with guard, 62 to 67% B for 2 min, 100% B for 1 min, and at flow rate of 0.9 ml/min.

For analyzing 11-OH cucurbitadienol, the LCMS method included the use of C8 2.1×100 mm column, gradient 60 to 90% B for 6 minutes at flow rate of 0.55 ml/min

For analyzing Mogrol, the LCMS method included the use of C8 2.1×100 mm column, gradient 50 to 90% B for 6 minutes at flow rate of 0.55 ml/min

For analyzing Mogroside IIIE & Compound 1, the LCMS method included the use of Fluoro-phenyl 2.1×100 mm column, gradient 15 to 30% B for 6 minutes, at flow rate of 0.55 ml/min.

Example 63

Step 1. Boosting Oxidosqualene Availability

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YHR072 (heterozygous for lanosterol synthase erg7) was purchased from GE Dharmacon. Expression of active erg7 gene was reduced by replacing the promoter with that of cup1 (Peng et al., 2015). A truncated yeast HMG-CoA reductase (tHMG-CoA) under control of GDS promoter and yeast squalene epoxidase (erg1) under the control of Tef1 promoter was integrated into the genome. Oxidosqualene boost was monitored by the production of diepoxysqualene as shown in the HPLC and UV absorbance (FIG. 31).

tHMG-CoA (protein) SEQ ID NO:898 (pathway 1)

tHMG-CoA (DNA) SEQ ID NO:897 (pathway 1)

Erg1 (protein) SEQ ID NO: 900; Erg1 (DNA) SEQ ID NO: 899

In some embodiments, tHMG-CoA enzyme is used for the production of diepoxysqualene.

Genes encoding for putative squalene epoxidases in S. grosvenorii (Itkins et al., 2016) were selected to test for boosting oxidosqualene/diepoxysqualene production. The sequences of 3 squalene epoxidases can be found in Table 1 for their amino acids and the coding sequence (SEQ ID NO: 50-56, 60, 61, 334 or 335). Additional sequences for squalene epoxidases suitable to use in the methods, systems and compositions disclosed herein for producing oxidosqualene and/or diepoxysqualene, and for boosting the production of oxidosqualene and/or diepoxysqualene include: SQE1 (protein) SEQ ID NO: 908, SQE1 (DNA) SEQ ID NO: 909; SQE2 (protein) SEQ ID NO: 910, SQE2 (DNA) SEQ ID NO: 911; SQE3 (protein) SEQ ID NO: 912, and SQE3 (DNA) SEQ ID NO: 913.

Step 2. Cucurbitadienol Production

Cucurbitadienol Synthase Enzymes

Plasmids containing S. grosvernorii cucurbitadienol synthase gene (SgCbQ) were transformed into yeast strain with oxidosqualene boost. Strains were grown 1-3 days at 30 C, 150-250 rpm. Production of cucurbitadienol is shown in the HPLC and mass spectroscopy data which show mass peaks for the indicated product (FIG. 23). The SgCbQ protein and gDNA encoding SgCbQ is provided in SEQ ID NO: 446 and SEQ ID NO: 418, respectively. Cucurbita pepo (Jack O' Lantern) protein Cpep2 was also used for the production of cucurbitadienol in yeast. FIG. 24 shows the mass spectroscopy profile which contains peaks and characteristic fragments that correspond with cucurbitadienol. The Cpep2 protein and DNA encoding Cpep2 is provided in SEQ ID NO: 420 and SEQ ID NO: 421, respectively. Cucurbita pepo (Jack O' Lantern) protein Cpep4 was also used in the production of cucurbitadienol. The host cells were cultivated under the growth conditions with no inhibitor. Production of cucurbitadienol is demonstrated in the mass spectral data shown in FIG. 25. As shown, the peaks and fragments correspond to cucurbitadienol. The Cpep4 protein and DNA encoding Cpep4 is provided in SEQ ID NO: 422 and SEQ ID NO: 423, respectively. The Cucurbita maxima protein C max was also used for the production of cucurbitadienol in yeast. FIG. 32 shows the mass spectroscopy profile which contains peaks and characteristic fragments that correspond with cucurbitadienol. The C max 1 protein sequence is provided in SEQ ID NO: 424, and the coding sequence for C max 1 (DNA) is provided in SEQ ID NO: 425. Cucumis melo protein Cmelo was also used for the production of cucurbitadienol in yeast. FIG. 32 shows the mass spectroscopy profile which contains peaks and characteristic fragments that correspond with cucurbitadienol. The Cmelo protein sequence is provided in SEQ ID NO: 902, and the coding sequence for Cmelo (DNA) is provided in SEQ ID NO: 901. It is expected that Cucurbita moschata protein Cmos1 can also be used for the production of cucurbitadienol in recombinant host cells, for example yeast cells. Cmos 1 sequences Cmos 1 (protein) (SEQ ID NO: 426) and Cmos 1 (DNA) (SEQ ID NO: 427) were obtained through alignment of genomic DNA PCR product sequence with known cucurbitadienol synthase sequences available through public databases (Pubmed). It is expected that Cmost 1 protein (SEQ ID NO: 426) can be used for the production of cucurbitadienol in recombinant host cells, for example yeast cells.

Converting Other Oxidosqualene Cyclases into a Cucurbitadienol Synthase

Plasmids containing modified oxidosqualene genes were transformed into yeast strain with oxidosqualene boost. Strains were grown 1-3 days at 30 C, 150-250 rpm.

The protein PSX Y118L from the native host Pisum sativum was also used for the production of cucurbitadienol in yeast. FIG. 33 shows the mass spectroscopy profile which contain peaks and characteristic fragments that correspond with cucurbitadienol when the tyrosine at position 118 is converted into leucine. The sequences for the protein and DNA encoding the modified oxidosqualene cyclase are: PSXY118L (protein) (SEQ ID NO: 904) and PSXY118L (DNA, codon optimized) (SEQ ID NO: 903).

The oxidosqualene cyclase from Dictyostelium sp. was also used for the production of cucurbitadienol in yeast. As shown in FIG. 34, the HPLC peak of cucurbitadienol is shown when the tyrosine at position 80 is converted into leucine. The sequences for the protein and DNA encoding the modified oxidosqualene cyclase are: DdCASY80L (protein) (SEQ ID NO: 906) and DdCASY80L (DNA) (SEQ ID NO: 905).

Improving Cucurbitadienol Synthase Activities

The gene encoding for a cucurbitadienol synthase form Cucumis melo was codon optimized (SEQ ID: 907) and used as a starting point for generating a library of modifications. Modifications were introduced through standard molecular biology techniques consisting of fusion peptides at the N-terminus (i.e., 5′) or C-terminus (i.e., 3′) end of the enzyme. Plasmids libraries of modified cucurbitadienol synthase genes were transformed into a yeast strain with oxidosqualene boost. Enzyme activities were measured by ratios of peak heights or areas of 409 and 427 positive mass fragments at the expected retention times for cucurbitadienol vs. an internal standard using LCMS method 2 described above. Enzyme performance were scored as average % activities over the average activities of the parent enzyme (n=8). Step 1 sequences of the enzymes and the sequences that encode the enzyme can be found in SEQ ID NOs: 951-1012. Step 1 sequence also include the fusions SS2c-G10, SS2e-A7b, 552d-G11, SS2e-A7a, SS4d-G5, SS4d-C7, SS3b-D8, and 552c-A10a as described in Table 1.

Step 3. Production of 11-OH Cucurbitadienol

CYP87D18 (CYP450, S. grosvenorii) and SgCPR (CYP450 reductase, S. grosvenorii) were expressed in S. cerevisiae strain producing cucurbitadienol. 11-OH cucurbitadienol (i.e., 11-hydroxy cucurbitadienol) was observed using HPLC and mass spectroscopy data (FIG. 36). S. grosvenorii CYP87D18 protein sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 872, and CYP87D18 (codon optimized DNA) coding sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 871. S. grosvenorii SgCPR protein sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 874, and SgCPR1 (codon optimized DNA) coding sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 873.

Additional CYP450s from S. grosvenorii and Glycyrrhiza (CYP88D6) were expressed in S. cerevisiae strain producing cucurbitadienol. Protein sequences and DNA coding sequences for the enzymes are provided in SEQ ID NOs: 875-890.

Step 4. Production of Mogrol

CYP1798 (CYP450 enzyme, S. grosvenorii) and EPH2A (epoxide hydrolase, S. grosvenorii) were expressed in S. cerevisiae strain producing 11-OH cucurbitadienol. Mogrol was observed using HPLC and mass spectroscopy data (FIG. 36). For sequences, DNA coding and protein sequences for the enzymes are provided in SEQ ID NOs: 891-894.

Epoxidation of Cucurbitadienol and/or 11-OH Cucurbitadienol

Additional CYP450s and SQEs from S. grosvenorii and Glycyrrhiza (CYP88D6) were also expressed in S. cerevisiae strain producing cucurbitadienol or 11-OH cucurbitadienol to test for epoxidation.

For SQEs, protein and DNA coding sequences for the enzymes are provided in SEQ ID NOs: 882-888. For CYP450s, protein and DNA coding sequences for the enzymes are provided in SEQ ID NOs: 875-890.

Step 7: Production of Compound 1 from Mogroside IIIE in S. cerevisiae.

S. cerevisiae strain expressing a truncated dextransucrase (tDexT) was incubated in YPD (30 C, 250 rpm) containing 7 mg/ml Mogroside V for 1-2 day resulting in hydrolysis to Mogroside IIIE. The S. cerevisiae cells were harvested, lysed, and then mixed back with the YPD supernatant containing Mogroside IIIE. To initiate the dextransucrase reaction, sucrose was added to a final concentration of 200 g/L, followed by incubation at 30 C, 250 rpm for 2 days. Production of Compound 1 was observed using HPLC (FIG. 37). Protein sequence for tDexT is shown in SEQ ID NO: 896, and the DNA coding sequence for tDexT is shown in SEQ ID NO. 895.

Example 64

S. cerevisiae or Y. lipolytica was grown in the presence of Mogroside V to allow the hydrolytic enzymes in the yeast to generate Mogroside IIIE. After 1 or 2 days, the cells were lysed in analyzed by HPLC to determine the mogroside content. After 1 day of incubation, S. cerevisiae produced a mixture of Mogroside V, Mogrosides IV, and Mogroside IIIE. After 2 days of incubation, substantially all of the mogrosides were converted to Mogroside IIIE as shown in FIG. 40A.

Similarly, after 2 days of incubation Y. lipolytica produced mostly Mogroside IIIE (shown in FIG. 40B).

Example 65

S. cerevisiae or Y. lipolytica was grown in the presence of Compound 1. Unlike other mogrosides (see Example 64), no hydrolysis products due to hydrolysis of Compound 1 was observed as shown in FIG. 41.

Example 66

S. cerevisiae was modified to overexpress a dextransucrase (DexT). This modified strain was grown in the presence of a mogrosides mixture to allow the hydrolytic enzymes in S. cerevisiae to generate Mogroside IIIE. After 2 days of incubation, the cells were lysed to release the DexT enzyme and supplemented with sucrose. After 24 hours, significant amounts of Compound 1 was produced (shown in FIG. 42)

Example 67: Generation of Fusion Proteins Having Cucurbitadienol Synthase Activity

A collection or library of S. cerevisiae in-frame fusion polynucleotides for a cucurbitadienol synthase gene (DNA coding sequence provided in SEQ ID NO: 907, and protein sequence provided in SEQ ID NO: 902) was prepared. The in-frame fusion polynucleotides were cloned into a yeast vector molecule to generate fusion proteins.

Various fusion proteins were generated and tested for cucurbitadienol synthase activities. The testing results for some of the fusion protein generated in this example are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Cucurbitadienol synthase activities for the fusion proteins SEQ ID NO Activity SEQ ID NO Activity for fusion (as compared for fusion (as compared protein to the parent) protein to the parent) 1024 166% 851 142% 854 135% 856 123% 859 105% 862 102% 865 125% 867 145% 915 124% 920 124% 924 121% 928 117% 932 128% 936 126% 940 109% 944 107% 948 102% 952  90% 956  85% 959  46% 964  74% 967  72% 971  89% 975  35% 979  96% 983  80% 987 111% 991 114% 995 124% 999 103% 1003 118% 1007  97%

Example 68: UDP-Glycosyltransferases (311 Enzyme, SEQ IDs: 436-438) in the Presence of Mogroside IIIE, Mogroside IVE or Mogroside IVA to Produce Mogroside IV and Mogroside V Isomers

Reaction conditions: To a 50 ml Falcon tube with 17 ml water, 3 ml of pH 7.0 1M Tris-HCl, 0.12 g UDP (Carbosynth), 3 g sucrose, 300 ul of protease inhibitor 100×M221, 150 ul of Kanamycin (50 mg/ml), 1.185 ml sucrose synthase Sus1 (1 mg/ml crude extract), 150 mg of starting Mogrosides, and 6 ml 311 enzyme (1 mg/ml crude extract) were added and incubated at 30° C., 150 rpm. The progress of the reaction was monitored periodically by LC-MS. After 3 days, the reaction was stopped by heating to 80° C. for 30 minutes with stirring (500 rpm). The reaction was then centrifuged (4000 rpm for 10 min, Eppendorf) and the supernatant was filtered through a 50 ml, 0.22 micron PVDF. The reaction products identified are depicted in FIG. 43.

Lengthy table referenced here US20210324439A1-20211021-T00001 Please refer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

While the invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. This includes embodiments which do not provide all of the benefits and features set forth herein. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation, material, composition of matter, process, process step or steps, to the objective, spirit and scope of the present invention. All such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims appended hereto. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined only by reference to the appended claims.

LENGTHY TABLES The patent application contains a lengthy table section. A copy of the table is available in electronic form from the USPTO web site (https://seqdata.uspto.gov/?pageRequest=docDetail&DocID=US20210324439A1). An electronic copy of the table will also be available from the USPTO upon request and payment of the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.19(b)(3). 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of producing Compound 1 having the structure of:

the method comprising: contacting mogroside II_(E) with a first enzyme capable of catalyzing a production of Compound 1 from mogroside II_(E); wherein the first enzyme is one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases), glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases; wherein the CGTases comprise an amino acid sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 78-88, 90-101, 148, and 154; wherein the dextransucrases comprise an amino acid sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 106-110, 156, and 896; or wherein the enzyme having dextransucrase activity is encoded by a gene having at least 90% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 157 and
 895. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein contacting mogroside III_(E) with the first enzyme comprises contacting mogroside III_(E) with a recombinant host cell that comprises a first gene encoding the first enzyme.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first gene is heterologous to the recombinant host cell.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the mogroside III_(E) is present in and/or produced by the recombinant host cell.
 5. The method of claim 2, comprising cultivating the recombinant host cell in a culture medium under conditions in which the first enzyme is expressed.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first enzyme is a CGTase comprising an amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 78-88, 90-101, 148, and
 154. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first enzyme is a dextransucrase comprising an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 106-110, 156, and
 896. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first enzyme is a dextransucrase encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 157 and
 895. 9. The method of claim 1, comprising contacting mogroside IIA with a second enzyme capable of catalyzing a production of mogroside IIIE from mogroside IIA.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein contacting mogroside IIA with the second enzyme comprises contacting mogroside IIA with the recombinant host cell to produce mogroside III_(E), and wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a second gene encoding the second enzyme.
 11. The method of claim 1, comprising contacting mogrol with one or more enzymes capable of catalyzing a production of mogroside IIIE from mogrol.
 12. The method of claim 1, comprising contacting a mogroside compound with one or more enzymes capable of catalyzing a production of mogroside IIIE from a mogroside compound to produce mogroside IIIE, wherein the mogroside compound is one or more of mogroside IA1, mogroside IE1, mogroside IIA1, mogroside IIE, mogroside IIA, mogroside IIIA1, mogroside IIIA2, mogroside III, mogroside IV, mogroside IVA, mogroside V, and siamenoside.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more enzymes capable of catalyzing the production of mogroside IIIE from the mogroside compound comprises one or more of UDP glycosyltransferases, CGTases, glycotransferases, dextransucrases, cellulases, β-glucosidases, amylases, transglucosidases, pectinases, and dextranases.
 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the mogroside compound is mogroside IIA or mogroside IIE, and wherein the contacting with one or more enzymes produces one or more of mogroside IIIA, mogroside IVE and mogroside V.
 15. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises contacting 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding an epoxide hydrolase, wherein the 11-hydroxy-24,25 epoxy cucurbitadienol is present in and/or produced by the recombinant host cell.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the contacting results in production of Mogrol in the recombinant host cell.
 17. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises contacting cucurbitadienol with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding cytochrome P450, wherein the contacting results in production of 11-hydroxy cucurbitadienol.
 18. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises contacting one or more of 2, 3-oxidosqualene, dioxidosqualene and diepoxysqualene with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding a polypeptide having cucurbitadienol synthase activity, wherein the contacting results in production of cucurbitadienol and/or 24, 25-epoxy cucurbitadienol.
 19. The method claim 18, wherein one or more of 2,3-oxidosqualene, dioxidosqualene and diepoxysqualene is produced by and/or present in the recombinant host cell.
 20. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises contacting farnesyl pyrophosphate with the recombinant host cell, wherein the recombinant host cell comprises a gene encoding a squalene synthase, wherein the contacting results in production of squalene. 